Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are present in all organs and tissues. Several studies have shown the therapeutic potential effect of MSC or their derived products. However, the functional heterogeneity of MSC constitutes an important barrier for transferring these capabilities to the clinic. MSC heterogeneity depends on their origin (biological niche) or the conditions of potential donors (age, diseases or unknown factors). It is accepted that many culture conditions of the artificial niche to which they are subjected, such as O₂ tension, substrate and extracellular matrix cues, inflammatory stimuli or genetic manipulations can influence their resulting phenotype. Therefore, to attain a more personalized and precise medicine, a correct selection of MSC is mandatory, based on their functional potential, as well as the need to integrate all the existing information to achieve an optimal improvement of MSC features in the artificial niche.

间充质干细胞（MSC）存在于所有器官和组织中。多项研究表明，MSC或其衍生产品具有治疗潜力。但是，MSC的功能异质性构成了将这些功能转移到临床的重要障碍。MSC的异质性取决于其来源（生物位）或潜在供体的状况（年龄，疾病或未知因素）。公认的是，它们所处的人造生态环境的培养条件很多，例如O _2。张力，底物和细胞外基质提示，炎性刺激或遗传操作可影响其产生的表型。因此，为了获得更加个性化和精确的药物，必须根据其功能潜力以及对整合所有现有信息以实现人工生态位中MSC功能的最佳改进的需要，正确选择MSC。