This study characterizes trace metal content in roadside soil and road dust in and around parks of Delhi. Parks in Delhi are generally built in proximity to major traffic roads due to lack of planning and land scarcity. The results indicate similar distribution pattern of trace metals in roadside soil and road dust, in the order Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Pb > Ni > Co. The finer fraction (< 63 μm) was found to have higher metal loading than the bulk fraction (< 2 mm). Lead exhibited high geo-accumulation index (Igeo) for both, road dust (3.2) and roadside soil (3.6). The overall pollution load index (PLI) of the zone for both, road dust (PLI = 0.9) and RS (PLI = 1.0), suggests that further contamination will deteriorate the site. Source apportionment by principal component analysis (PCA) identified industrial and traffic sources. Health risk assessment was carried out to assess carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk due to trace metal exposure. Hazard index (HI) indicates that all the studied metals are in safe limits, but Mn (HI > 1; for road dust) can pose non-carcinogenic risk to exposed children. Carcinogenic risk from particularly Ni exposure was found to be high for all the possible pathways, i.e. ingestion, inhalation and dermal. Risk calculated for exposed population revealed that children are more susceptible to non-cancer risk than the adults. The observed health risk by Ni indicates high carcinogenic risk for the urban population.

中文翻译：

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德里市主要城市公园周围路边土壤和道路灰尘中痕量金属的污染特征和人类健康风险

这项研究表征了德里公园内外的路边土壤和道路灰尘中的痕量金属含量。由于缺乏规划和土地稀缺，德里的公园通常建在主要交通道路附近。结果表明，路边土壤和道路灰尘中痕量金属的分布模式相似，顺序为 Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Pb > Ni > Co。发现较细的部分 (< 63 μm) 的金属负载量高于体积分数 (< 2 毫米)。铅对道路灰尘 (3.2) 和路边土壤 (3.6) 均表现出较高的地质积累指数 (Igeo)。该区域道路灰尘 (PLI = 0.9) 和 RS (PLI = 1.0) 的总体污染负荷指数 (PLI) 表明，进一步的污染将使场地恶化。通过主成分分析 (PCA) 进行的源分配确定了工业和交通源。健康风险评估旨在评估微量金属暴露导致的致癌和非致癌风险。危险指数 (HI) 表明所有研究的金属都在安全限度内，但 Mn（HI > 1；对于道路灰尘）会对暴露的儿童构成非致癌风险。研究发现，尤其是镍暴露对所有可能的途径（即摄入、吸入和皮肤）造成的致癌风险都很高。为暴露人群计算的风险显示，儿童比成人更容易受到非癌症风险的影响。Ni观察到的健康风险表明城市人口具有较高的致癌风险。用于道路灰尘）可能对暴露的儿童造成非致癌风险。研究发现，尤其是镍暴露对所有可能的途径（即摄入、吸入和皮肤）造成的致癌风险都很高。为暴露人群计算的风险显示，儿童比成人更容易受到非癌症风险的影响。Ni观察到的健康风险表明城市人口具有较高的致癌风险。用于道路灰尘）可能对暴露的儿童造成非致癌风险。研究发现，尤其是镍暴露对所有可能途径（即摄入、吸入和皮肤）的致癌风险都很高。为暴露人群计算的风险显示，儿童比成人更容易受到非癌症风险的影响。Ni观察到的健康风险表明城市人口具有较高的致癌风险。