In this review, we summarize the state-of-the-art advancements made in organic redox flow batteries (ORFBs) with special emphasis on non-aqueous (NAq) electrolytes. ORFBs utilize earth-abundant and potentially cost-effective organic redox-active molecules (ORMs), and have rapidly gained scientific interest. Transitioning from aqueous (Aq) solvents to NAq electrolytes expands the stable electrochemical windows available in ORFBs, thus offering great potential to increase both power density and energy density. To combine the advantages of ORMs and NAq electrolytes, non-aqueous organic redox flow batteries (NAqORFBs) have emerged. Recent advances in NAqORFBs have focused on the development of ORMs with large redox potential differences, multi-electron transfer capabilities, improved solubility, and stability. Strategies for preventing the crossover of redox-active species have also been documented. Collectively, these studies potentiate NAqORFBs as an important approach for sustainable energy storage. Still greater opportunities to further increase the battery performance through increased energy density, energy efficiency, and cycling lifetime can be realized by molecular engineering of ORMs and rational design of battery cells. We, therefore, review the critical principles that need to be considered in engineering NAqORFBs, and conclude with a discussion of emerging possibilities in these areas.

中文翻译：

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非水有机氧化还原液流电池合理设计的最新进展

在这篇综述中，我们总结了有机氧化还原液流电池（ORFB）的最新进展，特别强调了非水（NAq）电解质。ORFB利用地球上丰富且具有潜在成本效益的有机氧化还原活性分子（ORM），并迅速获得了科学兴趣。从水性（Aq）溶剂到NAq电解质的过渡扩大了ORFB中可用的稳定电化学窗口，因此具有增加功率密度和能量密度的巨大潜力。为了结合ORM和NAq电解质的优点，出现了非水有机氧化还原液流电池（NAqORFB）。NAqORFB的最新进展集中在具有大的氧化还原电位差，多电子转移能力，改善的溶解性和稳定性的ORM的开发上。防止氧化还原活性物质交叉的策略也已有文献记载。总而言之，这些研究将NAqORFB增强为可持续能源存储的重要方法。通过ORM的分子工程设计和合理设计的电池，可以实现更大的机会来通过增加能量密度，能量效率和循环寿命来进一步提高电池性能。因此，我们回顾了工程NAqORFB中需要考虑的关键原则，并以对这些领域新兴可能性的讨论作为结束。能量效率和循环寿命可以通过ORM的分子工程和合理设计的电池单元来实现。因此，我们回顾了工程NAqORFB中需要考虑的关键原则，并以对这些领域新兴可能性的讨论作为结束。能量效率和循环寿命可以通过ORM的分子工程和合理设计的电池单元来实现。因此，我们回顾了工程NAqORFB中需要考虑的关键原则，并以对这些领域新兴可能性的讨论作为结束。