Gender difference in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is an important topic in the field of cardiovascular medicine. In this study, we focused on the mortality difference of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA), which is higher for female than that of male. The aim of this study was to verify whether morphological and hemodynamic factors play their roles in this phenomenon. Patient-specific AAA models of 11 females and 23 males with similar age and body mass index (BMI) have been reconstructed based on clinical computed tomography (CT) data. Firstly, the morphological parameters (diameters, curvature, intraluminal thrombus volume, etc.) of AAA models and lumbar vertebrae models were collected and analyzed. Then, based on statistical results of morphological parameters, uniformed male and female AAA models were reconstructed, and hemodynamic simulations were conducted respectively. In post-processing, the hemodynamic performances induced by gender-different morphological geometries were analyzed and compared. The comparison of morphological parameters revealed that the average curvature of lumbar vertebrae and AAA centerline of female AAA models were obviously higher than that of the male. The amount of intraluminal thrombus in female AAA models was relatively lower than that of the male. According to the hemodynamic simulation, the uniform female AAA model has higher peak pressure, lower oscillatory shear stress index (OSI), and lower relative residence time (RRT) than that of the male model, all of which put female AAA to a relatively higher risk hemodynamic situation. The morphological and hemodynamic features of AAA have very obvious gender differences that would induce higher risk of rupture for female AAA biomechanically. These findings would help to explore the mechanism of gender differences in AAA and draw attention to gender-specific consideration for AAA treatment. More morphological and hemodynamic indictors are suggested to be involved in the future guidelines.

中文翻译：

---

腹主动脉瘤形态学和血流动力学特征的性别差异。

心血管疾病（CVDs）的性别差异是心血管医学领域的一个重要课题。在这项研究中，我们关注腹主动脉瘤 (AAA) 的死亡率差异，女性高于男性。本研究的目的是验证形态学和血液动力学因素是否在这种现象中发挥作用。已根据临床计算机断层扫描 (CT) 数据重建了具有相似年龄和体重指数 (BMI) 的 11 名女性和 23 名男性的特定于患者的 AAA 模型。首先收集分析AAA模型和腰椎模型的形态学参数（直径、曲率、腔内血栓体积等）。然后，根据形态学参数的统计结果，重建制服男女AAA模型，和血流动力学模拟分别进行。在后处理中，分析和比较了由性别不同的形态几何结构引起的血流动力学性能。形态学参数比较显示，女性AAA模型腰椎平均曲率和AAA中心线明显高于男性。女性AAA模型的腔内血栓数量相对低于男性。根据血流动力学模拟，均质女性 AAA 模型比男性模型具有更高的峰值压力、更低的振荡剪切应力指数 (OSI) 和更低的相对停留时间 (RRT)，所有这些都使女性 AAA 处于相对较高的水平。风险血流动力学情况。AAA 的形态学和血流动力学特征具有非常明显的性别差异，从生物力学角度来看，女性 AAA 的破裂风险更高。这些发现将有助于探索 AAA 性别差异的机制，并引起人们对 AAA 治疗的性别特异性考虑的关注。建议在未来的指南中涉及更多的形态学和血流动力学指标。