This article provides a closer look at a high resistance grounded (HRG) power system using symmetrical components. It addresses the industry confusion, “how system charging current direction reverses during phase-ground fault condition without reversal of system voltage that causes fault current flow.” It presents fault current phasor diagram that caused industry confusion which lead IEEE Std P3003.1 published without the phasor diagram with the consensus of working group members including the author of this article. In this article, the theory of symmetrical components has been used for analysis of phase-ground fault to illustrate ground fault current flow directions and its phasor diagram. The industry concept, “phase-ground fault current flows from the faulted location to ground before it returns to the power source” has been used in the analysis. This concept has not been used in the IEEE Std. 142 -2007, causing ground fault protection confusion for HRG power systems. The fault current flow direction clarification will help in the application of a sensitive voltage polarized ground fault protection relay for HRG. During phase-ground faults with very low arcing fault currents which pose a sensitivity issue on ground fault protection relays, some relevant technical papers providing techniques of fault detection are referenced in this article. Clarification on the limitation of HRG grounding contained in IEEE Std. 142-2007 for phase-ground fault current not to exceed 10 A and power system voltage not to exceed 4.16 kV (for delayed clearing of first phase-ground fault) is also included in this article.

中文翻译：

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高阻接地电力系统的相地故障电流分析与保护

本文详细介绍了使用对称组件的高电阻接地 (HRG) 电源系统。它解决了行业的困惑，“在相接地故障条件下系统充电电流方向如何反转，而不会导致故障电流流动的系统电压反转。” 它提出了引起行业混乱的故障电流相量图，导致 IEEE Std P3003.1 在没有相量图的情况下发布，并得到包括本文作者在内的工作组成员的一致同意。在本文中，对称分量理论已被用于相接地故障的分析，以说明接地故障电流的流动方向及其相量图。行业理念，分析中使用了“相接地故障电流在返回电源之前从故障位置流向地”。IEEE Std 中没有使用这个概念。142 -2007，造成HRG电力系统接地故障保护混乱。故障电流流动方向的澄清将有助于 HRG 的敏感电压极化接地故障保护继电器的应用。在具有极低电弧故障电流的相接地故障期间，对接地故障保护继电器造成灵敏度问题，本文参考了一些提供故障检测技术的相关技术论文。对包含在 IEEE 标准中的 HRG 接地限制的澄清。142-2007 相接地故障电流不超过 10 A 和电力系统电压不超过 4。