We investigate the intensity and phase noise properties of GaAs-based 1060 nm oxide-confined single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) and their dependence on slope efficiency and current spreading, parameters that control the achievable output power. We find strong dependence of the linewidth on slope efficiency because it affects the optical resonator loss and therefore the spontaneous emission rate and the photon density. Likewise, we find strong dependence of the relative intensity noise on the slope efficiency since the optical resonator loss controls the photon lifetime, and therefore the damping of the relaxation oscillations. There is no noticeable dependence on transverse current confinement and current spreading. We measure linewidths as small as 6 MHz which we attribute to a small linewidth enhancement factor. This assumption is supported by calculations of the linewidth enhancement factor from optical resonator and optical gain simulations. The dependencies of noise on design parameters are general and therefore valid for single-mode VCSELs at other wavelengths and in other material systems.

中文翻译：

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单模 VCSEL 的噪声性能：取决于电流限制和光损耗

我们研究了基于 GaAs 的 1060 nm 氧化物限制单模垂直腔面发射激光器 (VCSEL) 的强度和相位噪声特性及其对斜率效率和电流扩展的依赖性，这些参数控制可实现的输出功率。我们发现线宽对斜率效率有很强的依赖性，因为它会影响光谐振器损耗，从而影响自发发射率和光子密度。同样，我们发现相对强度噪声对斜率效率有很强的依赖性，因为光谐振器损耗控制光子寿命，因此控制弛豫振荡的阻尼。对横向电流限制和电流扩展没有明显的依赖性。我们测量小至 6 MHz 的线宽，我们将其归因于小的线宽增强因子。这一假设得到了来自光学谐振器和光学增益模拟的线宽增强因子的计算的支持。噪声对设计参数的依赖性是普遍的，因此对于其他波长和其他材料系统中的单模 VCSEL 是有效的。