The controls that affect the degree of spatio-temporal change to foredunes following scarping are reviewed herein. As sea-levels rises and climate changes, dune scarping will become more common. Thus, it is critical to understand what factors contribute to the magnitude of scarping, and what effect this has on dune systems to better manage coastal erosion into the future. Scarping occurs when foredunes are partially eroded by waves, generally during periods of high water level. The controls on the degree and magnitude of scarping examined include water level, foredune vegetation cover and species present, plant root mass, height and volume of the foredune, the original foredune morphology, surfzone–beach type, and compaction of sediment. Water-level height and duration of high water is the most significant control as it determines the elevation at which wave action can erode the dune and, therefore, the extent of scarping and dune volumetric loss. Higher plant density, greater rooting depth, high root mass, and greater compaction aid in reducing the degree of scaping. The presence of large woody debris and wrack may also influence the degree of scarping. The effects scarping has on the morphology of a foredune after the initial erosion event can range from small changes (e.g. minor, small scarps and slight slumping), to moderate changes such as the foredune translating landwards, to large change such as the transition of an entire dune system into a new transgressive dunefield phase. A new model summarising the key controls and their relationship/significance to the magnitude and extent of scarping is presented.

中文翻译：

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沙丘刮削控制的控制

本文将回顾影响刮削后前足时空变化程度的控制措施。随着海平面上升和气候变化，沙丘剥落将变得更加普遍。因此，了解哪些因素会导致陡坡的严重程度，以及这对沙丘系统有什么影响以更好地管理未来的海岸侵蚀至关重要。当前段被波浪部分侵蚀时，通常在高水位期间，就会发生剥落。对所检查的陡坡程度和大小的控制包括水位、前缘植被覆盖和存在的物种、植物根质量、前缘的高度和体积、原始的前缘形态、冲浪带-海滩类型和沉积物的压实。水位高度和高水位持续时间是最重要的控制因素，因为它决定了波浪作用可以侵蚀沙丘的高度，因此决定了陡坡和沙丘体积损失的程度。更高的植株密度、更大的生根深度、高根质量和更大的压实度有助于降低脱屑程度。大型木质碎片和残骸的存在也可能影响刮削程度。在初始侵蚀事件后，陡坡对前缘形态的影响范围可以从小的变化（例如小的、小的陡坡和轻微的塌陷）到中等的变化，例如前缘向陆地平移，到大的变化，例如整个沙丘系统进入一个新的海侵沙丘阶段。