Background & objectives: Coronary artery disease (CAD), a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide has multifactorial origin. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has complex mechanical and thermogenic functions and paracrine actions via various cytokines released by it, which can have both pro- and anti-inflammatory actions on myocardium and adjacent coronaries. The alteration of EAT gene expression in CAD is speculated, but poorly understood. This study was undertaken to find out the difference in gene expression of epicardial fat in CAD and non-CAD patients.
Methods: Twenty seven patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and 16 controls (non-CAD patients undergoing valvular heart surgeries) were included in the study and their EAT samples were obtained. Gene expressions of uncoupling protein-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), adiponectin, adenosine A1 receptor (ADORA-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were studied by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Glucose, insulin, lipid profile, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, homocysteine, vitamin D, TNF-α and leptin levels were estimated in fasting blood samples and analyzed.
Results: Leptin levels were significantly higher in CABG group as compared to controls (P <0.05), whereas other metabolic parameters were not significantly different between the two groups. MCP-1, VCAM-1 and TNF-α were upregulated in the CABG group as compared to controls. Further, multivariate analysis showed significantly reduced adjusted odds ratio for MCP-1 [0.27; 95% confidence interval: 0.08-0.91] in the CABG group as compared to controls (P <0.05).
Interpretation & conclusions: Our findings showed an alteration in EAT gene expression in CAD patients with significant upregulation of
MCP-1. Further studies with a large sample need to be done to confirm these findings.


中文翻译：

---

冠心病患者心外膜脂肪组织的致病基因表达


背景与目的：冠状动脉疾病（CAD）是全球死亡率和发病率的主要原因。心外膜脂肪组织（EAT）具有复杂的机械和产热功能和旁分泌动作通过由它释放各种细胞因子，其可具有在心肌和相邻的冠状动脉既亲和抗炎作用。推测CAD中EAT基因表达的改变，但了解甚少。进行这项研究以发现CAD和非CAD患者心外膜脂肪基因表达的差异。
方法：该研究纳入了27例行冠状动脉搭桥术（CABG）的患者和16例对照（非瓣膜性心脏手术患者），并获得了他们的EAT样本。解偶联蛋白-1，单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1），脂联素，腺苷A1受体（ADORA-1），血管细胞粘附分子-1（VCAM-1）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF -α）的基因表达通过实时逆转录-聚合酶链反应研究了α）。空腹血样中的葡萄糖，胰岛素，脂质谱，高敏C反应蛋白，高半胱氨酸，维生素D，TNF-α和瘦素水平均已评估并进行了分析。
结果：与对照组相比，CABG组的瘦素水平显着更高（P <0.05），而两组之间的其他代谢参数没有显着差异。与对照组相比，CABG组MCP-1，VCAM-1和TNF-α上调。此外，多变量分析显示MCP-1的调整比值比显着降低[0.27; 与对照组相比，CABG组的95％置信区间：0.08-0.91]（P <0.05）。
解释与结论：我们的研究结果表明，患有MCP-1上调的CAD患者EAT基因表达发生了变化
。需要进行大量样品的进一步研究以证实这些发现。