Abstract

Plant life relies on complex arrays of environmental stress sensing and signalling mechanisms. Extremophile plants develop and grow in harsh environments with extremes of cold, heat, drought, desiccation, or salinity, which have resulted in original adaptations. In accordance with their polyphyletic origins, extremophile plants likely possess core mechanisms of plant abiotic stress signalling. However, novel properties or regulations may have emerged in the context of extremophile adaptations. Comparative omics of extremophile genetic models, such as Arabidopsis lyrata, Craterostigma plantagineum, Eutrema salsugineum, and Physcomitrella patens, reveal diverse strategies of sensing and signalling that lead to a general improvement in abiotic stress responses. Current research points to putative differences of sensing and emphasizes significant modifications of regulatory mechanisms, at the level of secondary messengers (Ca²⁺, phospholipids, reactive oxygen species), signal transduction (intracellular sensors, protein kinases, transcription factors, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis) or signalling crosstalk. Involvement of hormone signalling, especially ABA signalling, cell homeostasis surveillance, and epigenetic mechanisms, also shows that large-scale gene regulation, whole-plant integration, and probably stress memory are important features of adaptation to extreme conditions. This evolutionary and functional plasticity of signalling systems in extremophile plants may have important implications for plant biotechnology, crop improvement, and ecological risk assessment under conditions of climate change.

中文翻译：

---

极端微生物陆地植物中的非生物胁迫信号。

摘要

植物生命依赖于复杂的环境胁迫感测和信号传导机制。极端微生物植物在极端的环境中生长和生长，这些环境极度寒冷，高温，干旱，干燥或盐碱化，导致原始的适应。根据其多系起源，极端微生物可能具有植物非生物胁迫信号转导的核心机制。但是，在极端微生物适应的背景下可能出现了新的特性或规定。极端微生物基因模型的比较组学，如拟南芥，Craterostigma plantagineum，Eutrema salsugineum和Physcomitrella patens揭示了多种传感和信号传导策略，这些策略可导致非生物应激反应的全面改善。当前的研究指出了推测的感知差异，并强调了在二级信使（Ca ²⁺，磷脂，活性氧），信号转导（细胞内传感器，蛋白激酶，转录因子，泛素介导的蛋白水解）或信号串扰。激素信号转导，尤其是ABA信号转导，细胞稳态监测和表观遗传机制的参与，还表明大规模的基因调控，全植物整合以及可能的逆境记忆是适应极端条件的重要特征。极端微生物植物中信号系统的这种进化和功能可塑性对于气候变化条件下的植物生物技术，作物改良和生态风险评估可能具有重要意义。