Influenza virus infection is a major health care concern associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, and cause annual seasonal epidemics and pandemics at irregular intervals. Recent research has highlighted that viral components can be found on the extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from infected cells, implying a functional relevance of EVs with influenza virus dissemination. Therefore, exploring the role of EVs in influenza virus infection has been attracting significant attention. In this review, we will briefly introduce the biogenesis of EVs, and focus on the role of EVs in influenza virus infection, and then discuss the EVs-based influenza vaccines and the limitations of EVs studies, to further enrich and boost the development of preventative and therapeutic strategies to combat influenza virus.

流感病毒感染是一个主要的卫生保健问题，与全世界的高发病率和死亡率相关，并导致每年不定期的季节性流行病和大流行。最近的研究强调，病毒成分可以在受感染细胞释放的细胞外囊泡（EV）上找到，这意味着细胞外囊泡与流感病毒传播具有功能相关性。因此，探索EV在流感病毒感染中的作用引起了人们的广泛关注。在本文中，我们将简要介绍EVs的生物发生，并重点讨论EVs在流感病毒感染中的作用，然后讨论基于EVs的流感疫苗以及EVs研究的局限性，以进一步丰富和推动预防性流感疫苗的发展。以及对抗流感病毒的治疗策略。