Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) causes focal cerebral hypoperfusion, resulting in cerebral ischemia or ischemic stroke. The main therapeutic approach is to restore an adequate blood flow to the brain via the process of reperfusion. However, rapid reperfusion can itself aggravate brain damage; this adverse effect is known as ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The pathological conditions that occur after cerebral ischemia and cerebral I/R are microvascular injury, blood–brain barrier dysfunction, post‐ischemic inflammation, increased oxidative stress/reactive oxygen species, and a reduction in neuronal survival, leading to brain infarction. Animal and clinical studies on hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) have recently been carried out, and there is evidence of positive effects on neurological outcomes after cerebral ischemia. However, some evidence has shown that HBOT may not affect the functional recovery after ischemic injury. This review describes the current evidence, both in vivo and clinical data, regarding the potential benefits of HBOT after MCAO and cerebral I/R injury. The contrary data are also discussed to verify the effectiveness of HBOT in stroke outcomes.

中文翻译：

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高压氧治疗对大脑中动脉闭塞的影响。

大脑中动脉闭塞（MCAO）导致局灶性脑灌注不足，导致脑缺血或缺血性中风。主要的治疗方法是通过再灌注过程恢复足够的大脑血流量。然而，快速再灌注本身会加重脑损伤；这种不良反应称为缺血/再灌注 (I/R) 损伤。脑缺血和脑 I/R 后发生的病理状况是微血管损伤、血脑屏障功能障碍、缺血后炎症、氧化应激/活性氧增加和神经元存活率降低，导致脑梗死。最近开展了高压氧治疗 (HBOT) 的动物和临床研究，有证据表明对脑缺血后的神经系统结局有积极影响。然而，有证据表明，HBOT可能不会影响缺血性损伤后的功能恢复。本综述描述了关于 MCAO 和脑 I/R 损伤后 HBOT 的潜在益处的体内和临床数据的当前证据。还讨论了相反的数据以验证 HBOT 在卒中结果中的有效性。