The development of a rapid and effective hemostatic dressing is highly desired in the treatment of hemorrhagic wounds. In this study, sponges with Janus character are developed using cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) that exhibit materials facets of different wettability characteristics using heterogeneous mixing and freeze−drying. The bonding of the interface between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic facets is achieved by using interpenetrating chemical cross‐linking between CNFs and organosilanes. The hydrophilic layer absorbs water from blood and works synergistically with the inherent hemostatic chitosan‐rich complementary layer to accelerate blood clotting, displaying both active and passive hemostatic mechanisms. The hydrophobic layer prevents blood penetration into the construct and exerts proper pressure on the wound. Compared with the hydrophilic control samples and commercial gauzes, the Janus sponges can achieve effective bleeding control with nearly 50% less blood loss in a femoral artery injury model and prolong the survival time in a carotid artery injury model. Compared with the only hydrophilic layer, the time to hemostasis of Janus sponge are reduced from 165 ± 20 to 131 ± 26 s in femoral artery injury model and from 102 ± 21 to 83 ± 15 s in liver femoral artery injury model.

中文翻译：

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纳米纤维素具有Janus特性的海绵：制备和在出血性伤口的治疗中的应用。

在出血性伤口的治疗中，迫切需要开发一种快速有效的止血敷料。在这项研究中，使用纤维素纳米纤维（CNF）开发了具有Janus特性的海绵，该纤维素纳米纤维通过非均质混合和冷冻干燥显示出具有不同润湿性的材料面。亲水面和疏水面之间的界面键合是通过使用CNF和有机硅烷之间的互穿化学交联来实现的。亲水层吸收血液中的水，并与固有的止血富含壳聚糖的互补层协同工作，以加速血液凝结，同时显示主动和被动止血机制。疏水层防止血液渗透到结构中，并在伤口上施加适当的压力。与亲水性对照样品和市售纱布相比，Janus海绵在股动脉损伤模型中可实现有效的出血控制，失血量减少近50％，并在颈动脉损伤模型中延长生存时间。与唯一的亲水层相比，Janus海绵的止血时间在股动脉损伤模型中从165±20减少到131±26 s，在肝股动脉损伤模型中从102±21减少到83±15 s。