Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is one of the foremost organisms causing mortality in humans, and has been for most of human history. When faced with an infection the human immune system is ordinarily very competent in killing both extracellular and intracellular bacilli. However, Mtb is able to evade the host immune system and is even able to establish a persistent infectious reservoir by "hiding" in the immune cells of the host. While the mechanisms by which the bacteria accomplishes this are not fully understood, it is known that the bacterium can subvert cellular processes in cells such as macrophages that prevent the lysis of the bacteria or the cell undergoing apoptosis. They are also able to interfere with immune cell signalling. One of the greatest effects that Mtb has is too alter the transcriptome of the macrophage. An easy way for the bacterium to accomplish this is to alter the alternative splicing patterns of the host. This can lead to a large change in the population of different protein isoforms, some of which have very different functions when compared to the original protein. At the same time the long history of Mtb infecting humans have led to specific immune reactions that occur in the host immune system in order to fight the infection. Many of these specific reactions involve new isoforms of host defence proteins. In this way the human host can use alternate splicing to create new isoforms of immune- related proteins that are more effective in defending against Mtb.

中文翻译：

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在结核分枝杆菌 (MTB) 宿主相互作用和剪接因子中靶向细胞凋亡剪接变体的失调是否可能导致 MTB 策略的免疫逃避？

结核分枝杆菌 (Mtb) 是导致人类死亡的最重要的生物之一，并且在人类历史的大部分时间里一直存在。当面临感染时，人体免疫系统通常非常有能力杀死细胞外和细胞内的细菌。然而，Mtb 能够逃避宿主免疫系统，甚至能够通过“隐藏”在宿主的免疫细胞中来建立持久的传染源。虽然细菌实现这一目标的机制尚不完全清楚，但已知细菌可以破坏细胞中的细胞过程，例如阻止细菌裂解或细胞凋亡的巨噬细胞。它们还能够干扰免疫细胞信号传导。Mtb 的最大影响之一是改变巨噬细胞的转录组。细菌实现这一目标的一个简单方法是改变宿主的可变剪接模式。这可能导致不同蛋白质亚型的群体发生巨大变化，与原始蛋白质相比，其中一些具有非常不同的功能。同时，Mtb 感染人类的​​悠久历史导致宿主免疫系统中发生特异性免疫反应以对抗感染。许多这些特定反应涉及宿主防御蛋白的新同种型。通过这种方式，人类宿主可以使用交替剪接来创建免疫相关蛋白质的新同种型，这些蛋白质在防御 Mtb 方面更有效。与原始蛋白质相比，其中一些具有非常不同的功能。同时，Mtb 感染人类的​​悠久历史导致宿主免疫系统中发生特异性免疫反应以对抗感染。许多这些特定反应涉及宿主防御蛋白的新同种型。通过这种方式，人类宿主可以使用交替剪接来创建免疫相关蛋白质的新同种型，这些蛋白质在防御 Mtb 方面更有效。与原始蛋白质相比，其中一些具有非常不同的功能。同时，Mtb 感染人类的​​悠久历史导致宿主免疫系统中发生特异性免疫反应以对抗感染。许多这些特定反应涉及宿主防御蛋白的新同种型。通过这种方式，人类宿主可以使用交替剪接来创建免疫相关蛋白质的新同种型，这些蛋白质在防御 Mtb 方面更有效。