Abstract The ability to choose the partners we interact with is thought to have been an important driver in the evolution of human social behavior, and in particular, our propensity to cooperate. Studies showing that humans prefer to interact with cooperative others is often cited as support for partner choice driving the evolution of cooperation. However, these studies are largely drawn from Western samples, where conditions for partner choice to operate may be especially favorable. Here, we investigate qualities associated with being a preferred partner (i.e., campmate) in Hadza hunter-gatherers of Tanzania in 2016 and 2019. A total of 156 Hadza participants from 17 camps ranked their campmates on generosity, foraging ability, and their preference for them as future campmates. In 2016, Hadza preferred more generous people and better hunters as campmates, with evidence suggesting a stronger preference for better hunters; however, the relationship between generosity and being a preferred campmate was greater in 2019 than in 2016, such that the preference for generous people was stronger than the preference for better foragers, suggesting that campmate preferences are changing. These new findings contrast with reports on data from nearly a decade ago, suggesting that the Hadza do not prefer more cooperative campmates. Further, in 2019, there was anecdotal evidence that Hadza with greater exposure to outside cultural institutions (e.g., schooling, having a job, or living in a village) had a stronger preference for generous campmates than those with less exposure. Taken together, the results suggest that preferences for social partners may, in part, be culturally shaped.

中文翻译：

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人类进化中的伙伴选择：合作、觅食能力和文化在哈扎营地伙伴偏好中的作用

摘要 选择与我们互动的伙伴的能力被认为是人类社会行为进化的重要驱动力，尤其是我们合作的倾向。研究表明，人类更喜欢与合作的其他人互动，这通常被认为是对推动合作发展的合作伙伴选择的支持。然而，这些研究主要来自西方样本，其中合作伙伴选择运营的条件可能特别有利。在这里，我们调查了 2016 年和 2019 年坦桑尼亚哈扎狩猎采集者作为首选伙伴（即营友）的相关品质。来自 17 个营地的 156 名哈扎参与者对他们的营友进行了慷慨、觅食能力和对他们作为未来的营员。2016 年，Hadza 更喜欢更慷慨的人和更好的猎人作为营员，有证据表明更喜欢更好的猎人；然而，2019 年慷慨和成为首选营友之间的关系比 2016 年更大，因此对慷慨的人的偏好强于对更好的觅食者的偏好，这表明营友的偏好正在发生变化。这些新发现与近十年前的数据报告形成对比，表明哈扎人不喜欢更多合作的营地伙伴。此外，在 2019 年，有传闻证据表明，与接触较少的人相比，接触外部文化机构（例如，上学、工作或住在村庄）的哈扎更偏爱慷慨的营友。综合起来，