The present study is an attempt to investigate the impact of intensive agriculture and horticulture activities on the hydrogeological and hydrochemical regime in a watershed in Central India. The study area covers 137 km2 and the land use land cover (LULC) study shows that 39.72% area is agrihorticulture land, and 29.78% of the land is covered with other vegetation. Groundwater budgeting is aimed to estimate stage of groundwater development and to examine the contribution of different competing users (domestic, agriculture and industries) on groundwater usage. The groundwater budgeting results show that the stage of groundwater development is 100.26%, thus the study area falls under the over-exploited category as per GEC 2015 norms. The groundwater quality indicates the elevated concentration of nitrate (>45 mg/L) in 41% samples of pre-monsoon season and 80% samples in the post-monsoon season. The elevated concentration of nitrate in groundwater samples of the post-monsoon season indicates the contamination due to the non-point sources like excessive use of fertilizers in horti-agriculture. The sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) values indicate that groundwater is suitable for irrigation. However, physico-chemical water quality results show that 74% samples of pre-monsoon and 85% samples of the post-monsoon season are found unsuitable for drinking as compared to acceptable limits of drinking water specification BIS 10500:2012. The study area needs intervention measures both on the supply side and demand side to bring the development stage and water quality to safer limits. Long term mitigation strategies for the revival of the natural streams should also be adopted to increase water availability in the study area. Precision agriculture, promotion of organic farming, minimization of water use, soil amendments for soil moisture retention and prevention of the runoff must be included in the management practices to improve the health of the watershed and for the long term sustainability.

中文翻译：

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Narkhed、Nagpur、Maharashtra 和 Pandhurna、Chindwara、Madhya Pradesh 农业园艺集约化流域的综合水文地质和水化学研究——来自印度中部的案例研究

本研究试图调查集约化农业和园艺活动对印度中部一个流域的水文地质和水化学制度的影响。研究区面积137平方公里，土地利用土地覆盖（LULC）研究表明，39.72%的面积为农业用地，29.78%的土地被其他植被覆盖。地下水预算旨在估算地下水开发的阶段并检查不同竞争用户（家庭、农业和工业）对地下水使用的贡献。地下水预算结果显示，地下水开发阶段为100.26%，因此研究区属于GEC 2015规范中的过度开发类别。地下水质量表明硝酸盐浓度升高 (> 45 mg/L) 在季风前季节的 41% 样品和季风后季节的 80% 样品中。后季风季节地下水样品中硝酸盐浓度升高表明污染是由于园艺农业中过度使用化肥等面源造成的。钠吸附比 (SAR) 值表明地下水适合灌溉。然而，物理化学水质结果表明，与饮用水规范 BIS 10500:2012 的可接受限值相比，74% 的季风前样本和 85% 的季风后样本不适合饮用。研究区需要在供给侧和需求侧采取干预措施，使开发阶段和水质达到更安全的极限。还应采用恢复自然溪流的长期缓解策略，以增加研究区域的可用水量。精准农业、促进有机农业、尽量减少用水量、土壤改良剂以保持土壤水分和防止径流必须包含在管理实践中，以改善流域的健康和长期可持续性。