Fire in buildings pose a significant threat to occupants, first responders as well as the structural system. Rapid spread of fire and smoke in buildings can hinder the process of evacuation resulting in loss of human life. Such situations call for a reliable egress system that provides safe evacuation of occupants in minimal time. Updating the occupants and first responders with much-needed situational awareness such as accessible stairwells and exits during the disaster can not only lead to efficient evacuation but also shorten the duration of evacuation in some scenarios. This paper examines occupant evacuation scenarios in fire exposed high-rise buildings. A parametric study is carried out on evacuation strategies in a 32-story typical office building during different fire exposure scenarios. The movement of occupants with and without situational awareness is simulated. The effect of critical parameters such as number of stories, width of the egress paths, location and number of exits on the evacuation process is evaluated. The time required for occupants to evacuate the building is estimated under normal conditions (to simulate fire evacuation drill) and under realistic fire exposure. Results from the study indicate that the two most significant factors that influence evacuation time are the location of stairway within the building and the floors at which fire starts. When fire starts at the lower levels of the building, the evacuation time is the highest. More importantly, if situational awareness is incorporated in emergency evacuation procedure, it can improve the evacuation efficiency in a fire exposed high-rise building; wherein up to 24% reduction in evacuation time is achieved.

中文翻译：

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影响高层建筑紧急疏散的出口参数

建筑物中的火灾对居住者、急救人员以及结构系统构成重大威胁。火灾和烟雾在建筑物中的迅速蔓延会阻碍疏散过程，导致人员伤亡。在这种情况下，需要一个可靠的疏散系统，以在最短的时间内提供安全疏散。为居住者和急救人员提供急需的态势感知信息，例如在灾难期间可进入的楼梯间和出口，不仅可以实现高效疏散，而且还可以在某些情况下缩短疏散持续时间。本文研究了火灾暴露的高层建筑中的人员疏散场景。对一栋 32 层的典型办公楼在不同火灾暴露情况下的疏散策略进行了参数研究。模拟有和没有情景意识的乘员移动。评估关键参数（如楼层数、出口路径宽度、位置和出口数量）对疏散过程的影响。居住者撤离建筑物所需的时间是在正常条件下（模拟消防疏散演习）和真实火灾暴露情况下估算的。研究结果表明，影响疏散时间的两个最重要因素是建筑物内楼梯的位置和发生火灾的楼层。当火灾发生在建筑物的较低层时，疏散时间最长。更重要的是，如果在紧急疏散程序中加入态势感知，可以提高火灾暴露的高层建筑的疏散效率；