77% of fatal fires in Spain take place in residential buildings, and more than 60% of deaths are people over 65 years old. The collection of fire loss data in Spain is poorly regulated and it does not have homogeneity. This makes it extremely difficult to study the fire problem and the effectiveness of different safety strategies in general, and more specifically with relation to vulnerable groups, such as the elderly. As first step to assess the measures aimed to reduce mortality in residential buildings, a methodology for collecting fire data has been developed, based on information extracted from the media. Information on 289 fatal dwelling fires has been systematically analyzed in order to identify the prevention and protection strategies more effective to prevent fire deaths. Among the identified measures, they stand out the installation of fire detection and alarm systems in residential buildings, which is not required by law at the present time, and the installation of automatic extinguishing systems, such as household sprinklers. The use of safe heating systems, avoiding old and bad-maintained portable heaters, is a particularly useful prevention strategy for the elderly people.

中文翻译：

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降低老年人居住住宅死亡率的消防安全策略：西班牙案例

西班牙 77% 的致命火灾发生在住宅建筑中，超过 60% 的死亡是 65 岁以上的人。西班牙火灾损失数据的收集监管不力，而且不具有同质性。这使得总体上研究火灾问题和不同安全策略的有效性变得极其困难，尤其是与弱势群体（如老年人）相关的研究。作为评估旨在降低住宅建筑死亡率的措施的第一步，基于从媒体中提取的信息，开发了一种收集火灾数据的方法。对 289 起致命住宅火灾的信息进行了系统分析，以确定更有效地防止火灾死亡的预防和保护策略。在确定的措施中，它们突出了在住宅建筑中安装火灾探测和报警系统（目前法律没有要求）以及安装自动灭火系统，例如家用喷水灭火系统。使用安全的供暖系统，避免使用旧的和维护不良的便携式加热器，是对老年人特别有用的预防策略。