The value of rice to producers and consumers can be markedly increased by grain quality improvement. However, effective increase in the economic and nutritive value of rice can only be made with a better understanding of the conditions governing the production of rice with different grain types and quality and the control of quality along the value chain. This review examines the conditions governing the production of rice with price differentiated grain types and grades, with the aim to identify the limits and opportunities for quality and value upgrading. This begins with the production of Basmati and Hom Mali, the most expensive rice on global market, followed by a review of the effectiveness of rice breeding and management, and the roles of postharvest sorting and quality control, with the following conclusions. The production of rice with the highest price and quality is restricted by the eco-geographical limits. A substantial quality improvement has been achieved within each grain type through breeding, with grain quality as the key attribute differentiating modern high-yielding rice varieties that have become mega-varieties from those that have not. Due to the general preference for unbroken rice kernels, the value of rice is increased with grain breakage reduction at harvest and postharvest. The paddy from Asia’s numerous small farms, with diverse ecological and socio-economic conditions, is required to be sorted into quality and price differentiated segments of the value chain, so providing the incentives to manage for quality. Incentives are also required for nutrient-enriched rice to be segregated from the non-enriched grain, to impact the nutrient intake of low-income rice consumers. Ambitious rice development strategies aiming to improve grain quality are effective and sustainable only with the recognition of key quality control processes, and the need for quality differentiating management along the value chain.

中文翻译：

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大米质量提高。回顾

谷物质量的提高可以显着提高大米对生产者和消费者的价值。但是，只有更好地了解管理不同谷物类型和质量的大米的生产条件以及沿价值链的质量控制，才能有效地提高大米的经济和营养价值。这项审查检查了控制具有不同价格类型和等级的大米生产的条件，旨在确定质量和价值提升的限制和机会。首先是生产全球市场上最昂贵的大米巴斯马蒂（Basmati）和霍姆马里（Hom Mali），然后回顾大米育种和管理的有效性以及收获后分选和质量控制的作用，并得出以下结论。价格和质量最高的大米的生产受到生态地理限制的限制。通过育种，已在每种谷物类型中实现了质量上的显着提高，谷物质量是区分已成为大型品种和未成为大型品种的现代高产水稻品种的关键属性。由于人们普遍喜欢不间断的稻米粒，因此，随着收割后和收割后谷物破损的减少，稻米的价值会增加。来自亚洲众多小型农场的稻谷，具有不同的生态和社会经济条件，需要将其分类为价值链中质量和价格差异化的部分，从而提供质量管理的动力。还需要采取激励措施，将营养丰富的大米与非营养丰富的谷物区分开来，影响低收入稻米消费者的营养摄入。旨在改善谷物质量的雄心勃勃的稻米发展战略只有在认识到关键的质量控制流程以及对价值链上的质量差异化管理的需求的基础上，才是有效和可持续的。