In view of the intensive development of the swine industry, monitoring and surveillance of infectious diseases require low-cost, effective, and representative population sampling methods. We present herein the state of knowledge, to date, in the use of alternative strategies in the monitoring of swine health. Blood sampling, the most commonly used method in veterinary medicine to obtain samples for monitoring swine health, is labor-intensive and expensive, which has resulted in a search for alternative sampling strategies. Oral fluid (OF) is a good alternative to serum for pooled sample analysis, especially for low-prevalence pathogens. Detection of viral nucleic acids or antiviral antibodies in OF is used to detect numerous viruses in the swine population. Meat juice is used as an alternative to serum in serologic testing. Processing fluid obtained during processing of piglets (castration and tail-docking) may also be used to detect viruses. These matrices are simple, safe, cost-effective, and allow testing of many individuals at the same time. The latest methods, such as snout swabs and udder skin wipes, are also promising. These alternative samples are easy to acquire, and do not affect animal welfare negatively.

鉴于养猪业的密集发展，对传染病的监测和监视需要低成本，有效和有代表性的种群抽样方法。到目前为止，我们在本文中介绍了在监测猪健康方面使用替代策略的知识状态。血液采样是兽医学中获取用于监测猪健康的样本的最常用方法，它劳动强度大且价格昂贵，因此需要寻找其他采样策略。口服液（OF）是血清的良好替代品，可用于合并样品分析，尤其是对于低流行病原体而言。在OF中检测病毒核酸或抗病毒抗体可用于检测猪群中的多种病毒。在血清学检测中，肉汁可替代血清。在仔猪加工过程中获得的加工液（cast割和对接）也可用于检测病毒。这些矩阵简单，安全，具有成本效益，并允许同时测试许多人。最新的方法，如口鼻拭子和乳房湿巾，也很有希望。这些替代样本易于获取，不会对动物福利产生负面影响。