Abstract

Formaldehyde (FA) is a xenobiotic air pollutant and its universal distribution causes a widespread exposure to humans. This review aimed to bring updated information concerning FA toxicity in humans and animals based on in vitro and in vivo studies from 2013 to 2019. Researches were carried out in Pubmed, Scopus, and Science Direct databases to determine the effects of FA exposure on inflammation, oxidative stress and genotoxicity in experimental studies with animals (rats and mice) and humans. Besides, in vitro studies assessing FA cytotoxicity focusing on cell viability and apoptosis in different cell line cultures were reviewed. Studies with humans gave evidence regarding significant deleterious effects on health associated to chronic FA occupational exposure. Evaluations carried out in experimental studies showed toxic effects on different organs as lung, upper respiratory tract, bone marrow and brain as well as in cells. In summary, this study demonstrates that knowing the mechanisms underlying FA toxicity is essential to understand the deleterious effects that this xenobiotic causes on biological systems.

摘要

甲醛 (FA) 是一种外源性空气污染物，其普遍分布导致人类广泛接触。本综述旨在根据 2013 年至 2019 年的体外和体内研究提供有关 FA 对人类和动物的毒性的最新信息。在 Pubmed、Scopus 和 Science Direct 数据库中进行了研究，以确定 FA 暴露对炎症的影响，动物（大鼠和小鼠）和人类实验研究中的氧化应激和遗传毒性。此外，体外回顾了评估 FA 细胞毒性的研究，重点关注不同细胞系培养物中的细胞活力和细胞凋亡。对人类的研究提供了与慢性 FA 职业暴露相关的对健康的显着有害影响的证据。在实验研究中进行的评估表明，对肺、上呼吸道、骨髓和大脑以及细胞等不同器官有毒性作用。总之，这项研究表明，了解 FA 毒性的潜在机制对于了解这种异生物质对生物系统造成的有害影响至关重要。