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Caching in or Falling Back at the Sevilleta: The Effects of Body Size and Seasonal Uncertainty on Desert Rodent Foraging.
The American Naturalist ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-15 , DOI: 10.1086/709019
Justin D. Yeakel , Uttam Bhat , Seth D. Newsome

Foraging in uncertain environments requires balancing the risks associated with finding alternative resources against potential gains. In arid-land environments characterized by extreme variation in the amount and seasonal timing of primary production, consumers must weigh the risks associated with foraging for preferred seeds that can be cached against fallback foods of low nutritional quality (e.g., leaves) that must be consumed immediately. Here, we explore the influence of resource scarcity, body size, and seasonal uncertainty on the expected foraging behaviors of caching rodents in the northern Chihuahaun Desert by integrating these elements with a stochastic dynamic program to determine fitness-maximizing foraging strategies. We demonstrate that resource-limited environments promote dependence on fallback foods, reducing the likelihood of starvation while increasing future risk exposure. Our results point to a qualitative difference in the use of fallback foods and the fitness benefits of caching at the threshold body size of 50 g. Above this 50-g body size threshold, we observe large fitness gains associated with the maintenance of even a modest-sized cache, whereas similar gains for smaller consumers require maintenance of unrealistically large caches. This suggests that larger-bodied consumers that cache may be less sensitive to the future uncertainties in monsoonal onset predicted by global climate scenarios, whereas smaller consumers, regardless of caching behavior, may be at greater risk.

中文翻译:

在塞维利亚(Sevilleta)缓存或退缩:体型和季节性不确定性对沙漠鼠类觅食的影响。

在不确定的环境中觅食需要平衡与寻找替代资源和潜在收益相关的风险。在干旱的环境中,初级生产的数量和季节发生极端变化,消费者必须权衡与觅食首选种子相关的觅食风险,这些种子可以缓存,而必须食用的营养质量低下的后备食品(例如叶子)立即。在这里,我们通过将这些要素与随机动态程序相结合,确定适合度最大化的觅食策略,探索了资源稀缺,体型大小和季节不确定性对奇瓦哈恩沙漠北部缓存啮齿动物的预期觅食行为的影响。我们证明了资源有限的环境会促进对后备食品的依赖,在增加未来风险暴露的同时,减少饥饿的可能性。我们的结果表明,使用后备食品和在50 g阈值人体大小时缓存的健身益处在质量上存在差异。超过此50克的机身大小阈值,我们观察到即使适度大小的缓存也可以保持较大的适应性,而对于较小的消费者而言,类似的增益需要维护不切实际的大型缓存。这表明,缓存较大的消费者可能对全球气候情景预测的季风发作的未来不确定性不太敏感,而较小的消费者,无论缓存行为如何,都可能面临更大的风险。我们的结果表明,使用后备食品和在50 g阈值人体大小时缓存的健身益处在质量上存在差异。超过此50克的机身大小阈值,我们观察到即使适度大小的缓存也可以保持较大的适应性,而对于较小的消费者而言,类似的增益需要维护不切实际的大型缓存。这表明,缓存较大的消费者可能对全球气候情景预测的季风发作的未来不确定性不太敏感,而较小的消费者,无论缓存行为如何,都可能面临更大的风险。我们的结果表明,使用后备食品和在50 g阈值人体大小时缓存的健身益处在质量上存在差异。超过此50克的机身大小阈值,我们观察到即使适度大小的缓存也可以保持较大的适应性,而对于较小的消费者而言,类似的增益需要维护不切实际的大型缓存。这表明,缓存较大的消费者可能对全球气候情景预测的季风发作的未来不确定性不太敏感,而较小的消费者,无论缓存行为如何,都可能面临更大的风险。而对于较小的消费者而言,要获得类似的收益,则需要维护不切实际的大型缓存。这表明,缓存较大的消费者可能对全球气候情景预测的季风发作的未来不确定性不太敏感,而较小的消费者,无论缓存行为如何,都可能面临更大的风险。而对于较小的消费者而言,要获得类似的收益,则需要维护不切实际的大型缓存。这表明,缓存较大的消费者可能对全球气候情景预测的季风发作的未来不确定性不太敏感,而较小的消费者,无论缓存行为如何,都可能面临更大的风险。
更新日期:2020-07-20
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