Anaesthetics are widely used in aquaculture, fisheries, and biological research as a method to minimize fish stress and injury during handling and transport. Considerations such as efficacy, cost and environmental effect as well as its toxicity to fish are evaluated to choose a suitable anaesthetic. In the same way, several fish anaesthetic agents have been reported in fish including their safe dosage; however, scarce information is available about gene expression under anaesthetic stages. In this work, gene expression of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1a) and the glucocorticoid receptor (GlucoR) was assessed as indicators of stress in the Colombian native fish species red‐bellied pacu (Piaractus brachypomus) under anaesthesia with menthol (50 mg/L) and eugenol (40 mg/L). Results of this study indicated that the exposure of red‐bellied pacu fingerlings to effective concentrations of the menthol generated a differential gene expression of HIF1a mRNA that was significantly higher in the liver for menthol group, and in the case of GlucoR mRNA, it was significantly higher in gills and blood of fish under eugenol anaesthesia. This is the first report of gene expression in this native fish species.

中文翻译：

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薄荷醇作为红腹pa（Piaractus brachypomus）的麻醉药及其对HIF1a和GlucoR基因表达的影响

麻醉剂被广泛用于水产养殖，渔业和生物学研究中，作为一种在处理和运输过程中将鱼类的压力和伤害降至最低的方法。评估诸如功效，成本和环境影响及其对鱼类的毒性等考虑因素，以选择合适的麻醉剂。同样，已经报道了几种鱼类麻醉剂，包括它们的安全剂量。然而，在麻醉阶段尚缺乏有关基因表达的信息。在这项工作中，评估了缺氧诱导因子1α（HIF1a）和糖皮质激素受体（GlucoR）的基因表达作为哥伦比亚本土红腹b鱼（Piaractus brachypomus）压力的指标。）在薄荷醇（50 mg / L）和丁香酚（40 mg / L）的麻醉下。本研究的结果表明，红腹PACU鱼种到有效浓度所产生的差异基因表达的薄荷醇的曝光HIF1A，这是显著高于在肝脏中对薄荷醇组的mRNA，并且在的情况下GlucoR的mRNA，它是显著在丁香酚麻醉下鱼的g和血液中含量更高。这是该本地鱼类物种中基因表达的第一份报告。