Current single‐junction crystalline silicon (c‐Si) solar cells are approaching their power conversion efficiency (PCE) limit. Tandem solar cells are expected to overcome such efficiency limit, with perovskite on c‐Si tandems being a promising candidate for commercialization over the next years. This work aims atdescribing the conditions that tandem cells and modules need to fulfill to successfully enter the market in 2030.We first estimate that industrial c‐Si photovoltaic modules may reach a price level of about 15 c$/W in 2030 at a PCE of 22–24%, with an expected lifetime of 30 years and an annual degradation of 0.5%. For commercial relevance, we anticipate that tandem module efficiencies need to be increased to reach around 30%, while matching lifetime and degradation rate of c‐Si modules. Provided these conditions, we find that these tandem modules could then have a cost bonus of around 5–10 c$/W compared to c‐Si modules for reaching equal levelized cost of energyvalues.

中文翻译：

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IPVF的2030年光伏技术愿景

当前的单结晶体硅（c-Si）太阳能电池正接近其功率转换效率（PCE）极限。预计串联太阳能电池将克服这种效率极限，而c-Si钛合金上的钙钛矿将成为未来几年商业化的有希望的候选者。这项工作旨在描述要在2030年成功进入市场的串联电池和组件需要满足的条件。我们首先估计，工业c-Si光伏组件的价格在2030年将达到15 c $ / W的PCE。 22–24％，预期寿命为30年，每年退化0.5％。对于商业相关性，我们预计串联模块的效率需要提高到30％左右，同时要与c-Si模块的寿命和退化率相匹配。提供这些条件，