Ticks are ectoparasites that transmit pathogens, such as tick‐borne viruses, to their hosts. Tick‐borne viruses are diverse: they can be categorized into two orders, nine families, and at least 12 genera. Almost 25% of these viruses are infectious to humans and some are a serious threat to public health. The global rise in tick‐borne virus diseases has been linked to climate change which has reduced tick mortality in the winter and extended their active period. The spread of tick‐borne viral diseases to humans has received significant interest due to the increased threat to human life; epidemiological monitoring of tick‐borne viruses using molecular, immunological, and environmental methods is now a priority. Nevertheless, many tick‐borne diseases remain undiagnosed, which poses a challenge to public administration and health care officials. This review discusses three major tick‐borne RNA viruses that cause serious infection in humans: severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) virus, tick‐borne encephalitis (TBE), and Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus. Specifically, we discuss the epidemiological monitoring, vector control measures, molecular diagnostics, vaccines, and environmental determinants related to these viruses. Furthermore, we review the current surveillance of these tick‐borne viruses with a specific focus on diagnostic approaches that employ molecular interventions such as viral nucleic acid isolation, PCR‐based diagnostics, and high‐throughput sequencing technologies.

中文翻译：

---

ick传播的病毒：大规模病毒监测的当前趋势

cks是将病原体（例如tick传播的病毒）传播到其宿主的外寄生虫。ick传播的病毒是多种多样的：它们可以分为两个等级，九个家族和至少十二属。这些病毒中几乎有25％对人类具有传染性，其中一些对公共健康构成了严重威胁。壁虱传播的病毒疾病在全球范围内的增长与气候变化有关，气候变化降低了壁虱在冬季的死亡率并延长了它们的活跃期。由于对人类生命的威胁日益增加，tick传播的病毒性疾病在人类中的传播引起了广泛关注。现在，利用分子，免疫和环境方法对tick传病毒进行流行病学监测已成为当务之急。尽管如此，许多tick传疾病仍未得到诊断，这对公共行政和卫生保健官员构成了挑战。这篇综述讨论了三种引起人类严重感染的壁虱病毒，它们分别是：严重血小板减少症候群（SFTS）病毒，壁虱脑炎（TBE）和克里米亚-刚果出血热（CCHF）病毒。具体来说，我们讨论了与这些病毒有关的流行病学监测，媒介控制措施，分子诊断，疫苗和环境决定因素。此外，我们回顾了当前对这些tick传病毒的监视，特别关注采用分子干预的诊断方法，例如病毒核酸分离，基于PCR的诊断和高通量测序技术。和克里米亚-刚果出血热（CCHF）病毒。具体来说，我们讨论了与这些病毒有关的流行病学监测，媒介控制措施，分子诊断，疫苗和环境决定因素。此外，我们回顾了这些tick传病毒的当前监视，特别侧重于采用分子干预的诊断方法，例如病毒核酸分离，基于PCR的诊断和高通量测序技术。和克里米亚-刚果出血热（CCHF）病毒。具体来说，我们讨论了与这些病毒有关的流行病学监测，媒介控制措施，分子诊断，疫苗和环境决定因素。此外，我们回顾了这些tick传病毒的当前监视，特别侧重于采用分子干预的诊断方法，例如病毒核酸分离，基于PCR的诊断和高通量测序技术。