Abstract This study examines cyber aggression and cyber victimization from an evolutionary perspective, extending the literature by: (1) employing Latent Class Analysis to identify cyber aggression-victimization status groups using proactive and reactive cyber aggression, and cyber victimization, as indicators; and (2) examining whether cyber aggression-victimization status groups experience social advantages and disadvantages similar to those in traditional aggression research. In this study, a three-class model best described adolescents’ cyber aggression and victimization; in the sample of 400 adolescents ages 12–18, 79.4% were uninvolved, 13.1% were mixed cyber aggressor-victims (moderate proactive and reactive cyber aggression, and cyber victimization), and 7.4% were highly reactive cyber aggressor-victims (moderate proactive cyber aggression and cyber victimization, but high reactive cyber aggression). These groups contrast with those found in empirical traditional aggression research as pure cyber aggressors and cyber victims were not identified. Consistent with evolutionary theory and aggression research that suggest it has adaptive functions, mixed cyber aggressor-victims reported more social dominance and dating partners, and highly reactive cyber aggressor-victims reported more sexual partners, when compared to uninvolved peers. However, highly reactive cyber aggressor-victims also reported more friendship anxiety and less implicit social power than the mixed and uninvolved group, consistent with traditional research suggesting that reactive aggression is more strongly linked to social disadvantages and less strongly linked to social advantages, than is proactive aggression. Although cyber aggression is a relatively new form of aggression, an evolutionary perspective can illuminate why it continues to be a social problem despite intervention efforts.

中文翻译：

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与网络攻击-受害相关的社会优势和劣势

摘要 本研究从进化的角度研究网络攻击和网络受害，通过以下方式扩展文献：（1）采用潜在类别分析，使用主动和被动网络攻击和网络受害作为指标来识别网络攻击 - 受害状态组；(2) 检查网络攻击-受害状态群体是否经历了与传统攻击研究相似的社会优势和劣势。在这项研究中，一个三类模型最能描述青少年的网络攻击和受害；在 400 名 12-18 岁青少年的样本中，79.4% 没有参与，13.1% 是混合网络攻击者 - 受害者（中度主动和被动网络攻击和网络受害），以及 7. 4% 是高反应性网络攻击者-受害者（中度主动网络攻击和网络受害，但高反应性网络攻击）。这些群体与实证传统攻击研究中发现的群体形成对比，因为没有确定纯粹的网络攻击者和网络受害者。与表明它具有适应性功能的进化理论和攻击性研究一致，与未参与的同龄人相比，混合型网络攻击者-受害者报告了更多的社会支配地位和约会伙伴，而高度反应性的网络攻击者-受害者报告了更多的性伴侣。然而，与混合和不参与的群体相比，高度反应性的网络攻击者-受害者也报告了更多的友谊焦虑和更少的内在社会权力，与传统研究一致表明，与主动攻击相比，被动攻击与社会劣势的联系更紧密，与社会优势的联系更不紧密。尽管网络攻击是一种相对较新的攻击形式，但进化的观点可以说明为什么尽管进行了干预，它仍然是一个社会问题。