Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been identified as one of the most advanced and versatile nanovectors, theranostics, and futuristic drug delivery tools for highly effective delivery of genes, drugs, and biomolecules, as well as for use in bioimaging and as biosensors. CNTs have drawn tremendous attention and interest from researchers worldwide in the past two decades owing to a number of unique characteristics including well defined physicochemical properties, large surface area, in addition to exclusive electrical and optical properties. Numerous recent literature related to the design and applications of CNTs were studied and summarized accordingly. Special emphasis was given for the applications of CNTs in drug targeting. Specific targeting of anticancer drugs such as cisplatin, doxorubicin, taxol, gemcitabine, and methotrexate, and delivery of small interfering RNA, micro-RNA, as well as plasmid DNA have been successfully assisted using CNTs. All the major applications of CNTs were summarized in detail with possible toxicity concerns associated with them. As far as their toxicity is concerned, it was noticed that the functionalized CNTs pose little toxicity and do not have immunogenic effects. In conclusion, CNTs showed great potential in developing a new generation of carriers for various drugs and related biomolecules. The application of CNTs ranges from physics to chemistry and now they are expanding their roles in the therapeutic drug delivery in the modern healthcare system. With applications in every imaginable route of administration, CNTs bring therapeutic benefits to society. The pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and clinical efficacy of CNTs is explored in detail in this review.

中文翻译：

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碳纳米管治疗应用的重新评估：雄伟且具有未来主义意义的药物载体。

碳纳米管（CNTs）被公认为是最先进，用途最广泛的纳米载体，治疗学和未来派药物递送工具之一，可高效递送基因，药物和生物分子，并用于生物成像和生物传感器。在过去的二十年中，由于许多独特的特性，包括定义明确的理化特性，大的表面积以及独特的电学和光学特性，碳纳米管吸引了全世界研究人员的极大关注和兴趣。最近研究并总结了与CNTs的设计和应用有关的许多文献。特别强调了碳纳米管在药物靶向中的应用。具体针对抗癌药物，例如顺铂，阿霉素，紫杉醇，吉西他滨和甲氨蝶呤，碳纳米管已经成功地协助了小分子干扰RNA，微小RNA和质粒DNA的递送。对CNTs的所有主要应用进行了详细总结，并提出了可能与之相关的毒性问题。就其毒性而言，已经注意到，官能化的CNT几乎没有毒性并且没有免疫原性作用。总之，碳纳米管在开发用于各种药物和相关生物分子的新一代载体方面显示出巨大潜力。碳纳米管的应用范围从物理到化学，现在它们正在扩大其在现代医疗保健系统中的治疗药物输送中的作用。随着在各种可能的给药途径中的应用，CNT为社会带来了治疗益处。制药，生物制药，药代动力学，药效学，