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The Wasserstein distances between pushed-forward measures with applications to uncertainty quantification
Communications in Mathematical Sciences ( IF 1 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 , DOI: 10.4310/cms.2020.v18.n3.a6
Amir Sagiv 1
Affiliation  

In the study of dynamical and physical systems, the input parameters are often uncertain or randomly distributed according to a measure $\varrho$. The system's response $f$ pushes forward $\varrho$ to a new measure $f\circ \varrho$ which we would like to study. However, we might not have access to $f$ but only to its approximation $g$. We thus arrive at a fundamental question -- if $f$ and $g$ are close in $L^q$, does $g\circ \varrho$ approximate $f\circ \varrho$ well, and in what sense? Previously, we demonstrated that the answer to this question might be negative in terms of the $L^p$ distance between probability density functions (PDF). Here we show that the Wasserstein metric is the proper framework for this question. For any $p\geq 1$, we bound the Wasserstein distance $W_p (f\circ \varrho , g\circ \varrho) $ from above by $\|f-g\|_{q}$. Furthermore, we provide lower bounds for the cases of $p=1,2$. Finally, we apply our theory to the analysis of common numerical methods in the field of computational uncertainty quantification.

中文翻译:

应用于不确定性量化的推进措施之间的 Wasserstein 距离

在动力系统和物理系统的研究中,输入参数通常是不确定的或根据测度$\varrho$随机分布的。系统的响应 $f$ 将 $\varrho$ 推向我们想要研究的新度量 $f\circ \varrho$。然而,我们可能无法访问 $f$ 而只能访问它的近似值 $g$。因此,我们得出一个基本问题——如果 $f$ 和 $g$ 在 $L^q$ 中接近,$g\circ \varrho$ 是否能很好地近似 $f\circ \varrho$,在什么意义上?之前,我们已经证明,就概率密度函数 (PDF) 之间的 $L^p$ 距离而言,这个问题的答案可能是否定的。在这里,我们展示了 Wasserstein 度量是解决这个问题的合适框架。对于任何 $p\geq 1$,我们用 $\|fg\|_{q}$ 从上方绑定了 Wasserstein 距离 $W_p (f\circ \varrho , g\circ \varrho) $。此外,我们为 $p=1,2$ 的情况提供了下限。最后,我们将我们的理论应用于计算不确定性量化领域中常见数值方法的分析。
更新日期:2020-01-01
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