© The Author(s) 2020. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creat iveco mmons .org/licen ses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creat iveco mmons .org/publi cdoma in/ zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. A native of Russia, Tatyana Golovkina graduated in 1985 with a MS in biology from Moscow State University (Fig. 1). While it marked the beginning of an exciting and fulfilling journey into the world of scientific research, it was not the career path she and her family envisioned. Like many young people in the former USSR, Golovkina spent much of her youth training to become a pianist. This required countless hours of practice which became increasingly difficult with the arrival of a baby sister in her family’s small apartment. To her family’s dismay, she decided it would be better to pursue a different career and relegate piano to a hobby; the problem was that none of them had envisioned anything else. So, perhaps as her first scientific experiment, she began a process of elimination to rule out careers she didn’t want to do, which finally singled out biology. This deliberation paid off, however, as Golovkina resolved to attend what was the best university in the Soviet Union at the time. In Russia, biology majors traditionally start by learning a broad range of disciplines, from botany to vertebrate and invertebrate biology, and then funnel down to a more specialized discipline. Golovkina found that she most enjoyed learning about microorganisms, specifically viruses. Virology holds a special place of pride in Russia, since Dmitri Ivanovsky discovered the first virus, tobacco mosaic virus, which was causing a disease ravaging tobacco plants in Crimea, in 1892. Golovkina completed her undergraduate and master’s studies at Moscow State University and moved to the Cancer Research Center in Moscow to pursue her Ph.D. Working at the Institute of Carcinogenesis, she continued her studies of virology, as many viruses of course were being studied for their roles in carcinogenesis. She joined the lab of Irina Kryukova, a retrovirologist known for her work on the chicken retrovirus known as Rous Sarcoma Virus. Golovkina credits Kryukova with teaching her that in order to be successful as a scientist, you have to be willing to be exploratory, as long as you are asking interesting questions and follow the science wherever it may lead. Golovkina also worked in the lab of Andrey Gudkov as she continued her graduate studies on the evolution of endogenous retroviruses in the genomes of small mammals, specifically rodents. In 1990, Golovkina graduated with a Ph.D. in oncology at a momentous time in the history of the Soviet Union. As political reforms swept the country and its international borders were opened to citizens for the first time, many Russian scientists used the opportunity to leave the country and pursue their careers elsewhere. Gudkov helped find jobs for all the members of his lab who wanted to leave, and Golovkina landed a postdoctoral position in the lab of Susan Ross in the Department of Biochemistry at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC). At UIC in Ross’ lab, Golovkina studied genetic elements of the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) that direct expression of the genes in tissue specific fashions, specifically in the mammary gland. However, she soon realized that she was most interested in studying host–pathogen interactions. Ross encouraged her to start series of experiments with MMTV, which led to Golovkina’s first significant publication [1]. In that study, Ross, Golovkina and their co-authors, including her future husband, Alexander Chervonsky, showed that transgenic mice expressing viral superantigen (Sag) derived from of an exogenous Open Access Retrovirology

中文翻译：

---

2020 年 KT Jeang 逆转录病毒学奖：Tatyana Golovkina

© The Author(s) 2020. 本文已根据知识共享署名 4.0 国际许可协议获得许可，该许可允许以任何媒体或格式使用、共享、改编、分发和复制，只要您给予原作者适当的署名（ s) 和来源，提供指向知识共享许可的链接，并指出是否进行了更改。本文中的图像或其他第三方材料包含在文章的知识共享许可中，除非在材料的信用额度中另有说明。如果文章的知识共享许可中未包含材料，并且您的预期用途未得到法律法规的允许或超出允许的用途，则您需要直接从版权所有者处获得许可。要查看此许可证的副本，请访问 http://creat iveco mmons。组织/许可证 ses/by/4.0/。知识共享公共领域奉献豁免 (http://creat iveco mmons .org/publi cdoma in/zero/1.0/) 适用于本文中提供的数据，除非在数据的信用额度中另有说明。Tatyana Golovkina 出生于俄罗斯，1985 年毕业于莫斯科国立大学，获得生物学硕士学位（图 1）。虽然它标志着进入科学研究世界的令人兴奋和充实的旅程的开始，但这并不是她和她的家人所设想的职业道路。像前苏联的许多年轻人一样，戈洛夫金娜 (Golovkina) 在青年时期的大部分时间都在接受钢琴训练。这需要无数小时的练习，随着小妹妹的到来，这变得越来越困难。让她的家人失望的是，她决定从事不同的职业并将钢琴归为一种爱好会更好；问题是，他们中没有人曾设想过其他任何事情。所以，也许作为她的第一个科学实验，她开始了一个排除过程，以排除她不想做的职业，最终挑出了生物学。然而，这种考虑得到了回报，因为 Golovkina 决心进入当时苏联最好的大学。在俄罗斯，生物学专业的学生传统上从学习广泛的学科开始，从植物学到脊椎动物和无脊椎动物生物学，然后逐步学习更专业的学科。Golovkina 发现她最喜欢了解微生物，尤其是病毒。病毒学在俄罗斯占有特殊的地位，因为德米特里·伊万诺夫斯基发现了第一种病毒，烟草花叶病毒，1892 年，它在克里米亚引起了一种肆虐烟草植物的疾病。 Golovkina 在莫斯科国立大学完成了本科和硕士研究，并搬到莫斯科的癌症研究中心攻读博士学位。在致癌作用研究所工作，她继续她的病毒学研究，因为当然正在研究许多病毒在致癌作用中的作用。她加入了伊琳娜·克留科娃 (Irina Kryukova) 的实验室，伊琳娜·克留科娃 (Irina Kryukova) 是一名逆转录病毒学家，以研究鸡逆转录病毒 (Rous Sarcoma Virus) 而闻名。Golovkina 认为 Kryukova 教会了她，为了成为一名成功的科学家，你必须愿意探索，只要你提出有趣的问题，并跟随科学的发展方向。Golovkina 还在安德烈·古德科夫 (Andrey Gudkov) 的实验室工作，继续她的研究生研究，研究小型哺乳动物，特别是啮齿动物基因组中内源性逆转录病毒的进化。1990 年，Golovkina 获得博士学位。在苏联历史上的一个重要时刻，在肿瘤学领域。随着政治改革席卷该国，其国际边界首次向公民开放，许多俄罗斯科学家利用这个机会离开该国并在其他地方追求自己的职业生涯。Gudkov 帮助他实验室所有想离开的成员找到了工作，Golovkina 在芝加哥伊利诺伊大学 (UIC) 生物化学系的 Susan Ross 实验室获得了博士后职位。在罗斯实验室的 UIC，Golovkina 研究了小鼠乳腺肿瘤病毒 (MMTV) 的遗传元件，这些元件以组织特异性方式直接表达基因，特别是在乳腺中。然而，她很快意识到她最感兴趣的是研究宿主-病原体的相互作用。罗斯鼓励她开始用 MMTV 进行一系列实验，这导致了 Golovkina 的第一个重要出版物 [1]。在该研究中，Ross、Golovkina 和他们的合著者，包括她未来的丈夫 Alexander Chervonsky，表明表达病毒超抗原 (Sag) 的转基因小鼠来自外源性开放获取逆转录病毒学 这导致了 Golovkina 的第一个重要出版物 [1]。在该研究中，Ross、Golovkina 和他们的合著者，包括她未来的丈夫 Alexander Chervonsky，表明表达病毒超抗原 (Sag) 的转基因小鼠来自外源性开放获取逆转录病毒学 这导致了 Golovkina 的第一个重要出版物 [1]。在该研究中，Ross、Golovkina 和他们的合著者，包括她未来的丈夫 Alexander Chervonsky，表明表达病毒超抗原 (Sag) 的转基因小鼠来自外源性开放获取逆转录病毒学