The prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has become an immediate threat to public health. Antimicrobial peptides are attracting attention as a new source of antibiotics due to their ability to prevent drug-resistances with fewer side effects. Spider venom is composed of various bioactive substances with multiple functionalities such as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. Here, RNA sequencing was conducted on the venom gland of the spider Pardosa astrigera, and a potential toxin peptide with antibacterial properties was selected via homology and in silico analysis. A novel toxin, Lycotoxin-Pa4a, inhibited both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria by disrupting the outer and bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. Moreover, the peptide downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators while upregulating the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine by inactivating mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in a lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine macrophage cell line. In this research, we identified a novel peptide toxin, Lycotoxin-pa4a, with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting its potential for the development of a new antibiotics, as well as offering insights into the utilization of biological resources.

中文翻译：

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蜘蛛Pardosa astrigera新型肽毒素的抗菌和抗炎作用。

耐药菌的流行已成为对公共卫生的直接威胁。由于抗菌肽具有预防耐药性且副作用少的能力，因此作为一种新的抗生素来源正引起人们的关注。蜘蛛毒液由多种具有多种功能的生物活性物质组成，例如抗菌和消炎作用。在这里，对蜘蛛Pardosa astrigera的毒腺进行了RNA测序，通过同源性和计算机分析，选择了具有抗菌特性的潜在毒素肽。一种新型毒素Lycotoxin-Pa4a通过破坏细胞外膜和细菌细胞质膜抑制革兰氏阴性菌和革兰氏阳性菌。此外，该肽通过灭活脂多糖刺激的鼠巨噬细胞系中的有丝分裂原激活的蛋白激酶信号转导而下调促炎性介质的表达，同时上调抗炎细胞因子的水平。在这项研究中，我们确定了一种具有抗菌和抗炎特性的新型肽毒素Lycotoxin-pa4a，暗示了其开发新抗生素的潜力，并提供了对生物资源利用的见解。