Coupling between angiogenesis and osteogenesis has an important role in both normal bone injury repair and successful application of tissue‐engineered bone for bone defect repair. Type H blood vessels are specialized microvascular components that are closely related to the speed of bone healing. Interactions between type H endothelial cells and osteoblasts, and high expression of CD31 and EMCN render the environment surrounding these blood vessels rich in factors conducive to osteogenesis and promote the coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Type H vessels are mainly distributed in the metaphysis of bone and densely surrounded by Runx2+ and Osterix+ osteoprogenitors. Several other factors, including hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α, Notch, platelet‐derived growth factor type BB, and slit guidance ligand 3 are involved in the coupling of type H vessel formation and osteogenesis. In this review, we summarize the identification and distribution of type H vessels and describe the mechanism for type H vessel‐mediated modulation of osteogenesis. Type H vessels provide new insights for detection of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie the crosstalk between angiogenesis and osteogenesis. As a result, more feasible therapeutic approaches for treatment of bone defects by targeting type H vessels may be applied in the future.

中文翻译：

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H型血管在骨再生中的促进作用

血管生成和成骨之间的耦合在正常骨损伤修复和组织工程骨在骨缺损修复中的成功应用中具有重要作用。H 型血管是与骨愈合速度密切相关的特殊微血管成分。H 型内皮细胞与成骨细胞的相互作用以及 CD31 和 EMCN 的高表达使这些血管周围的环境富含有利于成骨的因子，并促进血管生成和成骨的耦合。H型血管主要分布在骨干骺端，被Runx2+和Osterix+骨祖细胞密集包围。其他几个因素，包括缺氧诱导因子-1α、Notch、血小板衍生生长因子BB型、和狭缝引导配体 3 参与 H 型血管形成和成骨的耦合。在这篇综述中，我们总结了 H 型血管的识别和分布，并描述了 H 型血管介导的成骨调节机制。H 型血管为检测血管生成和成骨之间的串扰的分子和细胞机制提供了新的见解。因此，未来可能会应用更可行的通过靶向 H 型血管来治疗骨缺损的治疗方法。H 型血管为检测血管生成和成骨之间的串扰的分子和细胞机制提供了新的见解。因此，未来可能会应用更可行的通过靶向 H 型血管来治疗骨缺损的治疗方法。H 型血管为检测血管生成和成骨之间的串扰的分子和细胞机制提供了新的见解。因此，未来可能会应用更可行的通过靶向 H 型血管来治疗骨缺损的治疗方法。