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Drivers of native species regeneration in the process of restoring natural forests from mono‐specific, even‐aged tree plantations: a quantitative review
Restoration Ecology ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-19 , DOI: 10.1111/rec.13247
Klaus N. Kremer 1, 2 , Jürgen Bauhus 1
Affiliation  

A substantial proportion of the existing tree plantations has been established following clearing of native forests. This form of conversion has become widely unaccepted, and there are increasing demands to reverse it through ecological restoration. Yet, there is a lack of integrated knowledge on how best to restore. Here, we reviewed 68 studies to identify the main factors determining establishment success of regeneration of native woody species when restoring natural forests from plantation forests using active and passive approaches, beneath existing canopies, and following their removal. According to the evidence collected, herbivory, within‐gap position, soil properties, and ground cover type and structure had limited influence on regeneration, showing significant effects in less than 26% of cases in which their influence was tested. In contrast, spatial landscape configuration, overstorey structure, ground vegetation structure, overstorey composition, and climate and geomorphology had significant effects in 67, 47, 47, 52, and 63% of cases, respectively. Regeneration diversity and abundance increased with proximity to natural vegetation remnants and seed sources. Lower canopy and understorey stocking levels positively influenced regeneration, as did interventions to reduce them. Canopy cover reduction proved especially effective in warmer regions, in stands of broadleaved species, younger ages (<30 years), higher densities (>1,000 trees/ha), and taller canopies (>20 m). Restoration of native forests can be optimized by adopting interventions that prove most effective, and prioritizing more responsive stand types. However, the specific stand attributes and environmental factors described should be further studied to understand the mechanisms underlying their influence on regeneration.

中文翻译:

从单一规格,均匀年龄的人工林恢复天然林过程中原生物种再生的驱动力:定量审查

砍伐原生森林后,已经建立了相当大比例的现有树木种植园。这种转换形式已被广泛接受,并且越来越需要通过生态恢复来扭转这种转换形式。但是,缺乏有关如何最佳还原的综合知识。在这里,我们回顾了68项研究,以确定当使用主动和被动方法,在现有树冠下以及从其移除后,从人工林恢复天然林时,确定决定本地木本物种再生成功的主要因素。根据收集的证据,食草,间隙内的位置,土壤特性以及地被植物的类型和结构对再生的影响有限,仅在不到26%的情况下显示了显着效果。相比之下,在67%,47%,47%,52%和63%的病例中,空间景观配置,层状结构,地上植被结构,层状成分以及气候和地貌具有显着影响。随着接近自然植被残余物和种子源,再生多样性和丰度增加。较低的树冠和不足的放养水平对减少更新产生积极影响。事实证明,在温暖地区,阔叶树种,更年轻的年龄(<30岁),更高的密度(> 1,000棵树/公顷)和更高的冠层(> 20m)中,减少冠层覆盖特别有效。可以通过采用最有效的干预措施并确定响应速度更快的林分类型来优化原生林的恢复。然而,
更新日期:2020-07-19
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