In Finland, crop choices are limited, and cultivation is only possible in the regions where production risks and uncertainties are manageable. Climate change progresses rapidly at high latitudes and the thermal growing season is projected to become substantially longer in the future. This study aimed to monitor the regional shifts in major, secondary, minor and novel crops during 1996–2016 in Finland. We used long-term data from the Finnish Food Agency and evaluated changes in time to reach maturity of cultivars of model crops by using official variety trial data. Substantial changes were recorded in cultivation areas of crops, including expansion into new regions. Some of the traditional major crops such as oats (− 20%, i.e. − 75,700 ha from 1996 to 2016), barley (− 19%, − 105,700 ha) and potatoes (− 28%, − 4000 ha) have paved the way for emergent crops like faba beans (increase in area from 58 to 14,800 ha), peas (from 5700 to 13,400 ha), caraway (from 1900 to 18,400 ha) and spring oilseed rape (from 700 to 27,800 ha). Expansion per se was primarily enabled by climate warming, but success requires well-adapted cultivars, existing or emerging markets and industries or exports as well as motivating prices, policy support and valued ecosystem services.

中文翻译：

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作物和品种的大幅度地带和时间变化与芬兰生长季节的温暖相吻合

在芬兰，作物的选择是有限的，只有在生产风险和不确定性可以控制的地区才有可能种植。在高纬度地区，气候变化迅速发展，预计未来的热生长季节将大大延长。本研究旨在监测1996-2016年芬兰主要，次要，次要和新颖作物的区域变化。我们使用了来自芬兰食品局的长期数据，并使用官方的品种试验数据评估了达到模型作物品种成熟所需的时间变化。记录到农作物的种植面积发生了重大变化，包括向新的地区扩展。一些传统的主要农作物，例如燕麦（-20％，即1996年至2016年为-75,700公顷），大麦（-19％，-105,700公顷）和土豆（-28％，− 4000公顷）为诸如蚕豆（面积从58增加到14,800公顷），豌豆（从5700增加到13,400公顷），香菜（从1900到18,400公顷）和春季油菜（从700到700公顷）等新兴作物铺平了道路27,800公顷）。扩张本身主要是由气候变暖引起的，但成功需要适应良好的栽培品种，现有或新兴市场，工业或出口，以及激励价格，政策支持和有价值的生态系统服务。