We try to deploy the retinal fovea to optimally scrutinize an object of interest by directing our eyes to it. The horizontal and vertical components of eye positions acquired by goal-directed saccades are determined by the object’s location. However, the eccentric eye positions also involve a torsional component, which according to Donder’s law is fully determined by the two-dimensional (2D) eye position acquired. According to von Helmholtz, knowledge of the amount of torsion provided by Listing’s law, an extension of Donder’s law, alleviates the perceptual interpretation of the image tilt that changes with 2D eye position, a view supported by psychophysical experiments he pioneered. We address the question of where and how Listing’s law is implemented in the visual system and we show that neurons in monkey area V1 use knowledge of eye torsion to compensate the image tilt associated with specific eye positions as set by Listing’s law.

我们尝试将视网膜中央凹展开，以通过将视线对准目标对象来对其进行最佳检查。目标定向扫视获得的眼睛位置的水平和垂直分量由对象的位置确定。但是，偏心眼位置还涉及扭转分量，根据Donder定律，该分量完全由所获取的二维（2D）眼位置确定。根据冯·亥姆霍兹（von Helmholtz）的观点，斯托纳定律的扩展是列斯特定律所提供的扭转量的知识，减轻了随着2D眼位置而改变的图像倾斜的感知解释，这一观点得到了他所倡导的心理物理实验的支持。