Damaged wheat grains are usually discarded following which they decompose naturally to cause environmental pollution. The potential conversion of these starchy substrates to usable fermentable sugars is the subject of this study. Wheat grains in different quantities (10–20%, w/v) are liquefied using different concentrations of α‐amylase (1−5% v/v; 12−60 U mL⁻¹) to generate hydrolysate. The process is optimized to obtain the maximum concentration of reducing sugars. The concentration of reducing sugars obtained after 60 min of liquefaction is quantified as 85.2 mg mL⁻¹ using 5% v/v α‐amylase and 19.4% w/v substrate in the hydrolysis media. Reaction kinetics confirm that substrate concentrations higher than 10% w/v can enhance the production of fermentable sugars. The obtained hydrolysate is subjected to saccharification using glucoamylase (1−3% v/v; 46−138 U mL⁻¹) for the conversion of remaining oligosaccharides and α‐limit dextrins to fermentable sugars. Optimum glucoamylase concentration of 2.4% v/v in the reaction media yields 147.5 mg mL⁻¹ fermentable sugars in 103 min. Predictive second‐order models are established for the process with good accuracy. Subsequent experiments at optimum conditions are performed for model validation.

中文翻译：

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序贯工艺优化和反应动力学的两级酶解法生产受损小麦籽粒淀粉中的可发酵糖

通常将损坏的小麦籽粒丢弃，然后自然分解，从而造成环境污染。这些淀粉底物向可用的可发酵糖的潜在转化是本研究的主题。使用不同浓度的α-淀粉酶（1-5％v / v； 12-60 U mL ^-1）液化不同数量（10-20％，w / v）的小麦籽粒以产生水解产物。优化该过程以获得最大浓度的还原糖。液化60分钟后获得的还原糖浓度定为85.2 mg mL ^-1在水解介质中使用5％v / vα-淀粉酶和19.4％w / v底物。反应动力学证实，高于10％w / v的底物浓度可以提高可发酵糖的产量。使用葡糖淀粉酶（1-3％v / v; 46-138 U mL ^-1）对获得的水解产物进行糖化，以将剩余的寡糖和α-极限糊精转化为可发酵糖。反应介质中的最佳葡糖淀粉酶浓度为2.4％v / v，在103分钟内可产生147.5 mg mL ^-1可发酵糖。为该过程建立了可预测的二阶模型，具有很高的准确性。随后在最佳条件下进行实验以验证模型。