Fish acute toxicity tests are conducted as part of regulatory hazard identification and risk‐assessment packages for industrial chemicals and plant protection products. The aim of these tests is to determine the concentration which would be lethal to 50% of the animals treated. These tests are therefore associated with suffering in the test animals, and Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development test guideline 203 (fish, acute toxicity) studies are the most widely conducted regulatory vertebrate ecotoxicology tests for prospective chemical safety assessment. There is great scope to apply the 3Rs principles—the reduction, refinement, and replacement of animals—in this area of testing. An expert ecotoxicology working group, led by the UK National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research, including members from government, academia, and industry, reviewed global fish acute test data requirements for the major chemical sectors. The present study highlights ongoing initiatives and provides an overview of the key challenges and opportunities associated with replacing, reducing, and/or refining fish acute toxicity studies—without compromising environmental protection. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2076–2089. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.

中文翻译：

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替换，减少和完善管制鱼类急性毒性试验的主要机会。

鱼类急性毒性测试是针对工业化学品和植物保护产品的法规危害识别和风险评估包的一部分。这些测试的目的是确定对50％被治疗动物具有致死性的浓度。因此，这些测试与测试动物的痛苦有关，经济合作与发展组织测试指南203（鱼类，急性毒性）研究是进行前瞻性化学安全性评估的监管脊椎动物生态毒理学测试最广泛。在此测试领域中，可以广泛应用3R原则（动物的减少，改良和替换）。由英国国家替换，精炼和减少动物研究中心国家生态学专家小组负责，包括来自政府，学术界和工业界的成员，回顾了主要化学行业的全球鱼类急性试验数据要求。本研究重点介绍了正在进行的举措，并概述了与替代，减少和/或精炼鱼类急性毒性研究相关的主要挑战和机遇，同时又不损害环境保护。2020年《环境毒理学》； 39：2076-2089。©2020作者。Wiley Periodicals LLC代表SETAC发布的《环境毒理学和化学》。