Non-human primates (NHPs) have been proposed as good models for neurodevelopmental disorders due to close similarities to humans in terms of brain structure and cognitive function. The recent development of genome editing technologies has opened new avenues to generate and investigate genetically modified NHPs as models for human disorders. Here, we review the early successes of genetic NHP models for neurodevelopmental disorders and further discuss the technological challenges and opportunities to create next generation NHP models with more sophisticated genetic manipulation and faithful representations of the human genetic mutations. Taken together, the field is now poised to usher in a new era of research using genetically modified NHP models to empower a more rapid translation of basic research and maximize the preclinical potential for biomarker discovery and therapeutic development.

非人灵长类动物（NHPs）由于在脑结构和认知功能方面与人的相似性而被提议作为神经发育障碍的良好模型。基因组编辑技术的最新发展为产生和研究转基因NHPs作为人类疾病的模型开辟了新途径。在这里，我们回顾了用于神经发育障碍的遗传NHP模型的早期成功，并进一步讨论了技术挑战和机遇，以创建具有更复杂的遗传操作和人类遗传突变的忠实代表的下一代NHP模型。在一起