Dusky cotton bug Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Costa) (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) has been found to infesting cotton and other plants in Pakistan and some other countries. However, in Pakistan the increasing infestation of O. hyalinipennis was controlled with different insecticides, but some degree of resistance has been reported. Inheritance and cross-resistance of dimethoate resistance selection have not been documented in O. hyalinipennis previously. Therefore, this study for the first time characterized dimethoate resistance in O. hyalinipennis by inducing it in the laboratory for six generations. The selected population was 9.70- and 157-fold resistant compared with the field and laboratory population, respectively. The dimethoate resistance selection did not bring about any cross-resistance with lambda-cyhalothrin (1.47-fold) but had a very low cross-resistance with chlorfenapyr (3.03-fold) and acephate (2.21-fold) compared with the field population. The overlapping in 95% confidence limits of LC 50 ratios of F 1 (R♀ × S♂) and F 1 ` (R♂ × S♀) indicated the lack of maternal effects, whereas their degree of dominance of 0.54 and 0.51 suggested an incompletely dominant resistance inheritance. Multiple factors were involved in dimethoate resistance as implied from Chi-square analyses of backcrosses. In conclusion, O. hyalinipennis develops easily resistance to dimethoate due to selection. Lack of/or very low cross-resistance with lambda-cyhalothrin, chlorfenapyr and acephate implies that these insecticides can be used in rotation. Moreover, dimethoate resistance inheritance was incompletely dominant, autosomal and polygenic which implies that resistance to dimethoate can be delayed by using it in rotations, alterations, mosaics and combinations.

中文翻译：

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Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Costa) 乐果抗性的特征：抗性选择、对三种杀虫剂的交叉抗性和遗传方式

已发现暗色棉虫 Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Costa) (半翅目：Lygaeidae) 感染巴基斯坦和其他一些国家的棉花和其他植物。然而，在巴基斯坦，越来越多的 O. hyalinipennis 感染是用不同的杀虫剂控制的，但已经报道了一定程度的抗药性。以前在 O. hyalinipennis 中没有记录乐果抗性选择的遗传和交叉抗性。因此，本研究首次通过在实验室中诱导六代乐果来表征 O. hyalinipennis 的乐果抗性。与野外和实验室群体相比，所选群体的耐药性分别为 9.70 倍和 157 倍。乐果抗性选择与 λ-三氯氟氰菊酯 (1. 47 倍），但与田间种群相比，与氯芬那定（3.03 倍）和乙酰甲胺磷（2.21 倍）的交叉耐药性非常低。F 1 (R♀ × S♂) 和 F 1 ` (R♂ × S♀) LC 50 比率的 95% 置信限的重叠表明缺乏母体效应，而它们的优势度为 0.54 和 0.51 表明不完全显性抗性遗传。正如回交的卡方分析所暗示的，乐果抗性涉及多种因素。总之，由于选择，O. hyalinipennis 很容易对乐果产生抗性。与 λ-三氯氟氰菊酯、氯苯吡菌胺和乙酰甲胺磷缺乏/或极低的交叉抗性意味着这些杀虫剂可以轮换使用。此外，乐果抗性遗传不完全显性，