In this work, the influence of the charging procedures on the performance of two-phase thermosyphons operating with sodium as working fluid is studied experimentally. Solid charging and liquid charging, both in controlled and uncontrolled environments, with a non-condensable gases purge process after the thermosyphon closing were the methods employed. A charging apparatus for liquid sodium was designed and constructed, taking into consideration the operator safety, industrial applicability, cost of implementation, minimization of sodium contamination and, most importantly, the thermosyphon performance. Before charging, all thermosyphons experimentally studied were subjected to standard fabrication processes: cleaning, preparation, leak checking, tube vacuuming, sodium handling and case closure. The results show that the thermosyphon charged with sodium in liquid state under controlled environment and with non-condensable gases purging after closing presented the best performance among all. Therefore, the developed charging apparatus, in spite of its low cost of implementation, showed to be adequate for the manufacturing of sodium thermosyphons, as the sodium handling is quite safe and the resulting devices present excellent performance.

在这项工作中，实验研究了充电程序对以钠为工作液运行的两相热虹吸管性能的影响。在热虹吸管关闭后，在可控和不可控环境中进行固体装料和液体装料，并采用不可冷凝的气体吹扫工艺。考虑到操作者的安全性，工业适用性，实施成本，钠污染的最小化以及最重要的是热虹吸性能，设计和构造了用于液态钠的充电装置。在充电之前，对所有实验研究的热虹吸管进行标准制造过程：清洁，准备，泄漏检查，管吸尘，钠处理和封盖。结果表明，热虹吸管在受控环境下以液态形式充有钠，关闭后用非冷凝性气体吹扫表现出最佳的性能。因此，尽管钠成本低廉，但已开发的充电设备尽管实施成本低，但由于钠处理非常安全且所产生的装置具有出色的性能，因此已显示出足以制造钠热虹吸管。