Bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein is widely used to fabricate antifouling coatings for nanobiotechnology applications. Numerous BSA protein options are commercially available and obtained through different purification methods, however, there is no guidance on which ones are preferable for antifouling coatings. Herein, we investigate the real-time fabrication of antifouling coatings composed of BSA proteins obtained through different purification methods, and report significant differences in ultrathin film coating properties and ability to mitigate serum biofouling and to prevent nanoparticle-induced immune reactions. Mechanistic studies unravel the source of these performance variations, which are related to some BSA proteins containing fatty acid stabilizers while other BSA proteins are fatty acid-free depending on the purification method. Fatty acid-free BSA proteins exhibit greater conformational flexibility and less charge repulsion, which allow them to form more rigidly attached and tightly packed coatings on flat surfaces and nanoparticles that result in superior application performance.

牛血清白蛋白（BSA）蛋白被广泛用于制造纳米生物技术应用的防污涂料。许多BSA蛋白选项可商购获得，并且可以通过不同的纯化方法获得，但是，对于哪种蛋白更适合用于防污涂料没有指导。本文中，我们研究了通过不同纯化方法获得的由BSA蛋白质组成的防污涂层的实时制备，并报告了超薄膜涂层特性以及减轻血清生物结垢和防止纳米颗粒诱导的免疫反应能力的显着差异。机理研究揭示了这些性能变化的根源，这些变化与某些含有脂肪酸稳定剂的BSA蛋白有关，而其他BSA蛋白则根据纯化方法而不含脂肪酸。