The arctic environment continues to undergo a rapid transformation due to climatic shifts, human activities, and invasive species. Revealing ecosystem responses to these stressors requires extensive knowledge about the diversity of the Arctic fauna and flora. Gastropoda is one of the most diverse invertebrate groups within the marine benthos. Shell-bearing microgastropods (snails no larger than 5 mm) represent a significant part of gastropod diversity but remain among the most poorly studied marine animals worldwide. The aim of the present review is to summarize the existing data on diversity and distribution of shell-bearing microgastropods in the eastern Arctic seas. Currently, 66 species of shell-bearing microgastropods belonging to 17 families are known from the region. The taxonomy of snails is still based mainly on shell characters. Molecular phylogenetic analysis still has not been used in the taxonomy of microgastropods from the eastern Arctic. The Barents Sea is the most species-rich region with 51 microgastropod species. The diversity in the other seas is significantly lower, from 10–20 species, and only 9 species in the case of the open Arctic basin. Analysis of functional traits revealed three groups of microgastropods: coastal species feeding on algae and detritus, shelf species feeding on foraminiferans, and parasitic/symbiotic species. Abundance of shell-bearing microgastropods can be high, especially in coastal environments, where micromolluscs may be the most numerous among all the macroinvertebrates. Some limitations for studies of microgastropods in the Arctic are reviewed.

中文翻译：

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隐藏在冰和泥下：北冰洋东部带壳小腹足类动物的多样性

由于气候变化、人类活动和入侵物种，北极环境继续发生快速变化。揭示生态系统对这些压力的反应需要对北极动植物多样性的广泛了解。腹足纲是海洋底栖动物中最多样化的无脊椎动物群体之一。带壳的微型腹足动物（不超过 5 毫米的蜗牛）是腹足动物多样性的重要组成部分，但仍然是全世界研究最薄弱的海洋动物之一。本综述的目的是总结有关北极东部海域带壳微型腹足动物多样性和分布的现有数据。目前，该地区已知的有壳小腹足纲动物有 17 科 66 种。蜗牛的分类仍然主要基于贝壳特征。分子系统发育分析尚未用于北极东部小腹足类动物的分类。巴伦支海是物种最丰富的地区，拥有 51 种小腹足类动物。其他海域的多样性明显较低，为 10-20 种，而在开放的北极盆地只有 9 种。功能性状分析揭示了三组小腹足动物：以藻类和碎屑为食的沿海物种，以有孔虫为食的陆架物种，以及寄生/共生物种。带壳的微型腹足类动物的数量可能很高，尤其是在沿海环境中，在那里，微型软体动物可能是所有大型无脊椎动物中数量最多的。回顾了北极地区微型腹足动物研究的一些局限性。