ABSTRACT There is now a consensus that global warming causes climate change and is a worldwide threat, which presents a great challenge for the 21st century. Arid, semiarid, and tropical regions of the world including Pakistan, where climate change is enhancing salinization and is restricting plant growth and production by reducing nutrient uptake and increasing osmotic stresses. Keeping in view all these interlinked predicted climatic change, present study was aimed to determine the effect of osmopriming with Polyethylene glycol (PEG-4000) for osmotic potential (Ψs = −0.2MPa), hydropriming, thermopriming on cultivars of Capsicum annuum L. analyzing germination indices, physiological and biochemical attributes under induced salinity stress of 60 mM and 80 mM sodium chloride chosen from deleterious effect of these concentrations in preliminary screening experiment. Results indicated highest tolerance in the osmoprimed seeds (PEG-4000) to lower salt stress significantly at p < .001 based on chlorophyll “a” (chlo “a”), chlorophyll “a” and “b” ratio (chlo a/b ratio), total chlorophyll content (TCC) and carotenoid content (CC) resulting less deterioration of photosynthetic pigments whereas; maximum total proline content (TPC) (p < .001), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) at p = .01) and ascorbate peroxidase (APOX) at p < .05 in hydroprimed seeds reflecting the ability of selected cultivars to resist oxidations. It is concluded that high salinity altered many metabolic processes due to high osmotic potential inside the cell which is considered an alarming situation for the forthcoming climate change in Pakistan and required climate-smart agriculture to lower the negative impact forthcoming salinization, before it might affect global crop production drastically.

中文翻译：

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使用引发技术减轻辣椒（甜椒）幼苗盐分引起的损害：该地区气候变化的未来展望

摘要 全球变暖导致气候变化，是全球性的威胁，这对21世纪提出了巨大的挑战，现在已成为共识。包括巴基斯坦在内的世界干旱、半干旱和热带地区，这些地区的气候变化正在加剧盐碱化，并通过减少养分吸收和增加渗透压力来限制植物的生长和生产。考虑到所有这些相互关联的预测气候变化，本研究旨在确定聚乙二醇 (PEG-4000) 渗透引发对渗透势 (Ψs = -0.2MPa)、水致引发、热引发对辣椒栽培品种的影响。发芽指数，在 60 mM 和 80 mM 氯化钠的诱导盐度胁迫下的生理和生化属性选自这些浓度在初步筛选实验中的有害影响。结果表明，基于叶绿素“a”（叶绿素“a”）、叶绿素“a”和“b”比例（chlo a/b），渗透引物种子（PEG-4000）对盐胁迫的耐受性最高，p < .001比)、总叶绿素含量 (TCC) 和类胡萝卜素含量 (CC) 导致光合色素的退化较少；最大总脯氨酸含量 (TPC) (p < .001)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) 和过氧化物酶 (POD) 在 p = .01) 和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶 (APOX) 在 p < .05抗氧化的品种。