Previous research has revealed the need for a validation study that considers several wake quantities and code types so that decisions on the trade‐off between accuracy and computational cost can be well informed and appropriate to the intended application. In addition to guiding code choice and setup, rigorous model validation exercises are needed to identify weaknesses and strengths of specific models and guide future improvements. Here, we consider 13 approaches to simulating wakes observed with a nacelle‐mounted lidar at the Scaled Wind Technology Facility (SWiFT) under varying atmospheric conditions. We find that some of the main challenges in wind turbine wake modeling are related to simulating the inflow. In the neutral benchmark, model performance tracked as expected with model fidelity, with large‐eddy simulations performing the best. In the more challenging stable case, steady‐state Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes simulations were found to outperform other model alternatives because they provide the ability to more easily prescribe noncanonical inflows and their low cost allows for simulations to be repeated as needed. Dynamic measurements were only available for the unstable benchmark at a single downstream distance. These dynamic analyses revealed that differences in the performance of time‐stepping models come largely from differences in wake meandering. This highlights the need for more validation exercises that take into account wake dynamics and are able to identify where these differences come from: mesh setup, inflow, turbulence models, or wake‐meandering parameterizations. In addition to model validation findings, we summarize lessons learned and provide recommendations for future benchmark exercises.

中文翻译：

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在中性和分层大气条件下对单个尾流进行多模型验证

先前的研究表明，需要进行验证研究，其中要考虑几种唤醒量和代码类型，以便可以很好地告知精度和计算成本之间的权衡决定，并适合于预期的应用。除了指导代码选择和设置之外，还需要进行严格的模型验证练习，以识别特定模型的弱点和优势，并指导未来的改进。在这里，我们考虑了13种方法来模拟在变化的大气条件下使用比例风技术设施（SWiFT）的机舱安装激光雷达观测到的尾流。我们发现，风力涡轮机尾流建模中的一些主要挑战与模拟流入有关。在中立基准测试中，模型性能通过模型​​保真度按预期进行跟踪，大涡流模拟效果最佳。在更具挑战性的稳定情况下，发现稳态雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟的性能优于其他模型，因为它们提供了更容易地规定非规范流入的功能，并且其低成本允许根据需要重复进行模拟。动态测量仅适用于单个下游距离的不稳定基准。这些动态分析表明，时间步长模型的性能差异主要来自尾迹曲折的差异。这突出显示了需要进行更多的验证练习，其中要考虑尾流动力学并能够识别出这些差异的来源：网格设置，入流，湍流模型或尾流弯道参数化。除了模型验证结果之外，