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The Environmental Degradation and Distribution of Saflufenacil, a Fluorinated Protoporphyrinogen IX Oxidase-Inhibiting Herbicide, on a Canadian Winter Wheat Field.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-17 , DOI: 10.1002/etc.4820
Jeremy R Gauthier 1 , Scott A Mabury 1
Affiliation  

Saflufenacil when applied to a field is susceptible to transport, degradation, and transformation. We used a laboratory‐based approach to model the fate of saflufenacil in the environment, the results of which are compared directly with those observed in a field study where saflufenacil was applied to a crop of winter wheat at a standard rate of 63 g of active ingredient/hectare. The water solubility of 2.1 g/L for saflufenacil allows for vertical transport through soil at a rate of 4.3 cm/mL of rainwater, and a soil adsorption coefficient KOC of 28.8 suggests that some of the herbicide will absorb to the soil. Of the saflufenacil in the soil, 78 ± 2.1% (n = 18) partitioned into plants, including nontargeted crop species, where it was found primarily in leaves (78 ± 2.1%, n = 18) and roots (22 ± 1.7%, n = 18). The saflufenacil that does not partition into plants or undergo vertical transport followed a degradation pathway into 3 metabolites: a uracil‐ring N‐demethylated metabolite (Saf‐µCH3), a doubly N‐demethylated metabolite (Saf‐2CH3), and a ring‐cleavage metabolite (Saf‐RC), identified using nontargeted mass spectrometry. In the field, saflufenacil was observed to degrade over 212 d to the persistent metabolite Saf‐RC. This metabolite was found at a concentration that was 1/10th of that applied to the field, suggesting that the majority of saflufenacil had undergone transport through the soil, or uptake into the winter wheat crop. Field samples were further examined using F‐19 nuclear magnetic resonance and nontargeted mass spectrometry to rule out the potential of other degradation products. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1918–1928. © 2020 SETAC

中文翻译:

在加拿大冬小麦田中,氟苯磺草胺(一种氟化原卟啉原IX氧化酶抑制性除草剂)的环境降解和分布。

沙丁草胺在田间使用时易于运输,降解和转化。我们采用了一种基于实验室的方法来模拟环境中的氟苯磺草酯的命运,将其结果与现场研究中观察到的结果进行了直接比较,在田间研究中,氟苯磺草胺以63克活性物质的标准量应用于冬小麦作物成分/公顷。氨苯磺草胺的水溶性为2.1 g / L,可在土壤中以4.3 cm / mL的雨水速率垂直运输,土壤吸附系数K OC为28.8,表明某些除草剂会吸收到土壤中。在土壤中的苯丁草胺中,78±2.1%(n = 18)分为植物,包括非目标作物,主要在叶片(78±2.1%,n  = 18)和根(22±1.7%,n  = 18)中发现。未分配到植物中或未经历垂直转运的苯氟芬草胺的降解途径为3种代谢物:尿嘧啶环N-去甲基化代谢物(Saf-µCH 3),双N-去甲基化代谢物(Saf-2CH 3)。)和使用非靶向质谱法鉴定的环裂解代谢物(Saf-RC)。在田间,观察到沙丁草胺在212 d内降解为持久性代谢物Saf-RC。发现该代谢物的浓度是田间施用浓度的1/10,这表明大部分的氟苯乙草胺已通过土壤运输或吸收到冬小麦作物中。使用F-19核磁共振和非靶向质谱法进一步检查了现场样品,以排除其他降解产物的潜力。2020年《环境毒理学》; 39:1918-1928年。©2020 SETAC
更新日期:2020-09-25
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