Abstract Diplodia stem-end rot (SER) caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae is often the most important postharvest disease of fresh citrus fruit in warm and humid regions such as Florida. This disease is exacerbated by commercial degreening practices used to improve peel color of early season fruit. Essential oils are aromatic oily liquids obtained from plant organs that have been used to control plant diseases. This study screened nine compounds from essential oils against L. theobromae mycelial growth in vitro and only carvacrol and thymol exhibited strong inhibitory efficiency, with half maximal effective concentration to reduce mycelial growth of 0.045 and 0.037 mg mL−1, respectively, in amended PDA medium. Carvacrol and thymol were then incorporated in a commercial shellac coating and applied on ‘Ruby Red’ grapefruit inoculated with L. theobromae to determine their activities against Diplodia SER in vivo. Fruit were artificially inoculated with L. theobromae 12 h before coating application or immediately after coating application and incubated at 29 °C with 90 % relative humidity (RH) for 48 h. When fruit were inoculated before treatment, shellac containing 10 mg mL−1 carvacrol or thymol inhibited lesion development by 59 % or 37 %, respectively, compared to shellac alone. When fruit were inoculated after treatment, coating fruit with shellac containing 1 mg mL−1 carvacrol or thymol inhibited lesion development by 43 % or 24 %, respectively, compared to shellac alone. This study also found that incorporating carvacrol or thymol into shellac coating inhibited fruit decay from natural infections and chilling injury compared to shellac alone, while not negatively impacting fruit weight loss, peel color, total soluble solids, or titratable acidity. The results suggest that shellac coatings containing carvacrol or thymol may provide a viable option for Diplodia SER control and quality maintenance on citrus fruit.

中文翻译：

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在虫胶涂层中使用香芹酚和百里酚来控制“红宝石”葡萄柚的茎端腐烂并在模拟储存和销售过程中保持果实质量

摘要 由可可豆螟(Lasiodiplodia theobromae) 引起的螟螟茎端腐病(SER) 通常是佛罗里达等温暖潮湿地区新鲜柑橘类水果最重要的采后病害。用于改善早季水果果皮颜色的商业种植实践会加剧这种疾病。精油是从植物器官中提取的芳香油状液体，用于控制植物病害。本研究从精油中筛选了 9 种化合物在体外对抗 L. theobromae 菌丝体生长，只有香芹酚和百里酚表现出很强的抑制效率，在改良的 PDA 培养基中，减少菌丝体生长的最大有效浓度的一半分别为 0.045 和 0.037 mg mL-1 . 然后将香芹酚和百里酚加入商业虫胶涂层中，并涂在接种了 L. 的“红宝石红”葡萄柚上。可可来确定它们在体内对 Diplodia SER 的活性。在涂层应用前 12 小时或在涂层应用后立即人工接种可可氏乳杆菌，并在 29 °C 和 90% 相对湿度 (RH) 下孵育 48 小时。当在处理前接种水果时，与单独的虫胶相比，含有 10 mg mL-1 香芹酚或百里酚的虫胶分别抑制了 59% 或 37% 的病变发展。当水果在处理后接种时，与单独的虫胶相比，用含有 1 mg mL-1 香芹酚或百里酚的虫胶涂层水果分别抑制了 43% 或 24% 的病变发展。该研究还发现，与单独使用虫胶相比，将香芹酚或百里酚加入虫胶涂层中可抑制果实因自然感染和冷害引起的腐烂，同时不会对果实减重、果皮颜色、总可溶性固形物或可滴定酸度产生负面影响。结果表明，含有香芹酚或百里酚的虫胶涂层可能为柑橘类水果的 Diplodia SER 控制和质量保持提供可行的选择。