The genes that code for ribosomal RNA are present in hundreds of tandemly arrayed copies in the human genome. Ribosomal DNA repeats transcribe vast amounts of ribosomal RNA in order to meet the cell’s relentless demand for ribosome production. Intrinsic features of ribosomal DNA repeats render them uniquely vulnerable to DNA damage. Sensing and repairing damage to ribosomal DNA involves dramatic spatial reorganization of the nucleolus, the phase-separated nuclear subdomain where ribosomes are made. We highlight recent advances in detecting the incidence of DNA damage and defining the mechanisms of DNA repair on these essential genes.

中文翻译：

---

快速移动并破坏事物：核糖体DNA重复中DNA损伤的发生和修复。

编码核糖体RNA的基因存在于人类基因组中的数百个串联排列的拷贝中。核糖体DNA重复序列可转录大量核糖体RNA，以满足细胞对核糖体生产的不懈需求。核糖体DNA重复序列的内在特征使其独特地易受DNA损伤。传感和修复核糖体DNA的损伤涉及核仁的急剧空间重组，核仁是核糖体的相分离核亚结构域。我们重点介绍了检测DNA损伤的发生率和定义这些必需基因的DNA修复机制的最新进展。