Neuropsychiatric disorders often manifest with abnormal control of motor behavior. Common symptoms include restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior (RRBs). Cortico-basal ganglia circuits have been implicated in the etiology of RBBs. However, there is a vast range of behaviors encompassed in RRBs, from simple explosive motor tics to rather complex ritualized compulsions. In this review, we highlight how recent findings about the function of specific basal ganglia circuits can begin to shed light into defined motor symptoms associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. We discuss recent studies using genetic animal models that advocate that different aspects of motor repetition in neurodevelopmental disorders, like obsessive-compulsive disorder and autism spectrum disorder, emerge from particular dysregulations in distinct cortico-basal ganglia circuits.

神经精神疾病通常表现为运动行为控制异常。常见症状包括受限和重复的行为模式 (RRB)。皮质基底节回路与 RBB 的病因学有关。然而，RRB 包含各种各样的行为，从简单的爆发性运动抽动到相当复杂的仪式化强迫。在这篇综述中，我们强调了关于特定基底神经节回路功能的最新发现如何开始揭示与神经精神疾病相关的明确运动症状。我们讨论了最近使用遗传动物模型的研究，这些研究主张神经发育障碍（如强迫症和自闭症谱系障碍）中运动重复的不同方面是由不同皮质基底神经节回路的特定失调引起的。