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Summer UTCI variability in Poland in the twenty-first century
International Journal of Biometeorology ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-17 , DOI: 10.1007/s00484-020-01965-2
Agnieszka Krzyżewska 1 , Sylwester Wereski 1 , Mateusz Dobek 1
Affiliation  

The paper analyses the temporal and spatial variability of the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) in Poland in summer. Summer is the season with the highest intensity of tourism traffic that is why it is important to determine biometeorological conditions, especially in popular tourist destinations such as coastal, mountain and urban areas, in the times of climate changes. The analysis was based on data from 18 stations of IMGW-PIB (Institute of Meteorology and Water Management—National Research Institute), distributed evenly in the territory of the country, and representing all eight bioclimatic regions. The data include air temperature, relative humidity, wind velocity and cloudiness at 12 UTC from summer months: June, July and August from the years 2001–2018. Thermoneutral zone was the most frequently occurring UTCI class in Poland. It was recorded during 56–75% of summer days (with the exception of mountain stations, where it occurred on 30–35% of days). Moderate heat stress is the second most frequently occurring category with a frequency from 18 to 29% with the exception of mountain and coastal areas. Extreme and very strong cold stress occurred particularly in high mountain stations, and was sporadically observed at the coast of the Baltic Sea; however, the occurrence of such conditions decreases, which if favourable for beach tourism. No cases of extreme heat stress were recorded in any of the stations. The most unfavourable bioclimatic conditions were characteristic of the Upland Region (IV), represented by Kraków and Sandomierz, where very strong heat stress occurred with a 10% frequency. This is a limitation for urban tourism in those regions. The highest UTCI values were recorded in Kraków on 17 July 2007 and 29 July 2005. The highest number of cases with strong and very strong heat stress was recorded in 2015 as a consequence of the heat wave observed in Poland in the first half of August. In the majority of the analysed stations, in the second half of the analysed period (2010–2018), an increase in the number of days with strong and very strong heat stress was observed in comparison with the first half of period (2001–2009). The highest frequency of such days was observed in July. Based on the data, there are 4 potential periods of occurrence of such days, with two most intense being 26. July–13 August and 14–22 July.

中文翻译:

21 世纪波兰夏季 UTCI 的变化

本文分析了波兰夏季通用热气候指数(UTCI)的时空变异性。夏季是旅游交通最密集的季节,这就是为什么在气候变化时期确定生物气象条件很重要的原因,特别是在沿海、山区和城市等热门旅游目的地。该分析基于 IMGW-PIB(气象与水管理研究所-国家研究所)18 个站点的数据,这些站点均匀分布在该国境内,代表了所有 8 个生物气候区域。数据包括夏季月份 12 UTC 的气温、相对湿度、风速和云量:2001 年至 2018 年的六月、七月和八月。热中性区是波兰最常出现的 UTCI 等级。它记录在 56-75% 的夏季天数(山区站除外,它发生在 30-35% 的天数)。除山区和沿海地区外,中度热应激是第二常见的类别,发生频率为 18% 至 29%。极端和非常强的冷胁迫尤其发生在高山站,在波罗的海沿岸零星观察到;然而,这种情况的发生减少了,这对海滩旅游有利。在任何一个站点都没有记录到极端热应激的情况。最不利的生物气候条件是高地地区 (IV) 的特征,以克拉科夫和桑多梅日为代表,在那里以 10% 的频率发生了非常强烈的热应激。这是这些地区城市旅游的局限。2007 年 7 月 17 日和 2005 年 7 月 29 日在克拉科夫记录了最高的 UTCI 值。由于 8 月上半月在波兰观察到的热浪,2015 年记录的具有强烈和非常强热应激的病例数量最多。在大多数分析站中,在分析期的后半期(2010-2018 年),与前半期(2001-2009 年)相比,观察到强烈和极强热应力的天数有所增加)。7 月份观察到此类日子的最高频率。根据数据,这样的日子有 4 个可能发生的时期,其中两个最强烈的是 7 月 26 日至 8 月 13 日和 7 月 14 日至 22 日。由于 8 月上半月在波兰观察到的热浪,2015 年记录的具有强烈和非常强烈热应激的病例数量最多。在大多数分析站中,在分析期的后半期(2010-2018 年),与前半期(2001-2009 年)相比,观察到强烈和极强热应力的天数有所增加)。7 月份观察到此类日子的最高频率。根据数据,这样的日子有 4 个可能发生的时期,其中两个最强烈的是 7 月 26 日至 8 月 13 日和 7 月 14 日至 22 日。由于 8 月上半月在波兰观察到的热浪,2015 年记录的具有强烈和非常强烈热应激的病例数量最多。在大多数分析站中,在分析期的后半期(2010-2018 年),与前半期(2001-2009 年)相比,观察到强烈和极强热应力的天数有所增加)。7 月份观察到此类日子的最高频率。根据数据,这样的日子有 4 个可能发生的时期,其中两个最强烈的是 7 月 26 日至 8 月 13 日和 7 月 14 日至 22 日。与上半年(2001-2009 年)相比,观察到强烈和非常强烈热应激的天数有所增加。7 月份观察到此类日子的最高频率。根据数据,这样的日子有 4 个可能发生的时期,其中两个最强烈的是 7 月 26 日至 8 月 13 日和 7 月 14 日至 22 日。与上半年(2001-2009 年)相比,观察到强烈和非常强烈热应激的天数有所增加。7 月份观察到此类日子的最高频率。根据数据,这样的日子有 4 个可能发生的时期,其中两个最强烈的是 7 月 26 日至 8 月 13 日和 7 月 14 日至 22 日。
更新日期:2020-07-17
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