Background

Air pollution is a global problem with PM_2.5 being one of the major pollutants causing many diseases. The concentrations of PM_2.5 are found to exceed the World Health Organization (WHO) standards especially in lower middle-income countries (LMICs) that house around 40% of the global population.

Materials and Methods

Studies conducted globally in the past 5 years (2015–2019) on health effects of PM2.5 were systematically reviewed to understand the current research gaps. For this systematic search, Web of Science and PubMed were used to obtain 247 articles.

Results

Systematic review of these studies revealed that PM_2.5 and other air pollutants have been found to be associated with increased mortality and morbidity due to respiratory, cardiovascular, cerebrovascular disorders and diabetes. However, most of the total studies (~ 69%) were carried out in the high-income countries (HICs) despite the fact that PM_2.5 concentrations are higher in the LMICs (annual mean exposure (2011–2017) of 48.42 µg/m³) and lower in the HICs (annual mean exposure (2011–2017) of 20.02 µg/m³). Therefore, the exposure response functions for mortality estimates associated with PM_2.5 and developed using the exposure data from the HICs will not have predictive value in the LMICs. Furthermore, very few studies relate chemical components and source apportionment of PM_2.5 to the associated toxicity.

Conclusions

More studies on morbidity and mortality associated with PM2.5 and its components are needed in LMICs for better estimation of the overall risks.

中文翻译：

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与PM 2.5相关的健康影响：系统评价

背景

空气污染是一个全球性问题，PM _2.5是导致多种疾病的主要污染物之一。发现PM _2.5的浓度超过了世界卫生组织（WHO）的标准，特别是在容纳全球人口约40％的中低收入国家（LMIC）中。

材料和方法

系统回顾了过去5年（2015-2019年）在全球范围内开展的有关PM2.5对健康的影响的研究，以了解当前的研究差距。对于此系统搜索，Web of Science和PubMed用于获得247篇文章。

结果

对这些研究的系统评价显示，由于呼吸，心血管，脑血管疾病和糖尿病，已发现PM _2.5和其他空气污染物与死亡率和发病率增加有关。但是，尽管总的研究中的大多数（〜69 ％）都是在高收入国家（HIC）进行的，尽管事实上，中低收入国家的PM _2.5浓度较高（2011-2017年平均暴露量为48.42 µg / m2）³）和更低的HIC（2011年至2017年的年平均暴露量为20.02 µg / m ³）。因此，暴露响应函数用于与PM _2.5相关的死亡率估算并且使用HIC的暴露数据开发的数据在LMIC中将没有预测价值。此外，很少有研究将PM _2.5的化学成分和来源分配与相关毒性相关。

结论

中低收入国家需要对与PM2.5及其成分相关的发病率和死亡率进行更多研究，以更好地估算总体风险。