Background 4D flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of CSF can make an important contribution to the understanding of hydrodynamic changes in various neurological diseases but remains limited in clinical application due to long acquisition times. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of compressed SENSE accelerated MRI measurements of the spinal CSF flow. Methods In 20 healthy subjects 4D flow MRI of the CSF in the cervical spine was acquired using compressed sensitivity encoding [CSE, a combination of compressed sensing and parallel imaging (SENSE) provided by the manufacturer] with acceleration factors between 4 and 10. A conventional scan using SENSE was used as reference. Extracted parameters were peak velocity, absolute net flow, forward flow and backward flow. Bland–Altman analysis was performed to determine the scan-rescan reproducibility and the agreement between SENSE and compressed SENSE. Additionally, a time accumulated flow error was calculated. In one additional subject flow of the spinal canal at the level of the entire spinal cord was assessed. Results Averaged acquisition times were 10:21 min (SENSE), 9:31 min (CSE4), 6:25 min (CSE6), 4:53 min (CSE8) and 3:51 min (CSE10). Acquisition of the CSF flow surrounding the entire spinal cord took 14:40 min. Bland–Altman analysis showed good agreement for peak velocity, but slight overestimations for absolute net flow, forward flow and backward flow (< 1 ml/min) in CSE4–8. Results of the accumulated flow error were similar for CSE4 to CSE8. Conclusion A quantitative analysis of acceleration factors CSE4–10 showed that CSE with an acceleration factor up to 6 is feasible. This allows a scan time reduction of 40% and enables the acquisition and analysis of the CSF flow dynamics surrounding the entire spinal cord within a clinically acceptable scan time.

中文翻译：

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脑脊液动力学的压缩传感加速 4D 流动 MRI

背景 CSF 的 4D 流动磁共振成像 (MRI) 可以为了解各种神经系统疾病的流体动力学变化做出重要贡献，但由于采集时间长，在临床应用中仍然受到限制。本研究的目的是评估压缩 SENSE 加速 MRI 测量脊髓 CSF 流的准确性。方法 在 20 名健康受试者中，使用压缩灵敏度编码 [CSE，制造商提供的压缩传感和并行成像 (SENSE) 的组合] 获得颈椎 CSF 的 4D 流 MRI，加速因子在 4 到 10 之间。使用 SENSE 扫描作为参考。提取的参数是峰值速度、绝对净流量、前向流量和后向流量。进行 Bland-Altman 分析以确定扫描重新扫描的再现性以及 SENSE 和压缩 SENSE 之间的一致性。此外，还计算了时间累积流量误差。在另一名受试者中，评估了整个脊髓水平的椎管流量。结果 平均采集时间为 10:21 分钟 (SENSE)、9:31 分钟 (CSE4)、6:25 分钟 (CSE6)、4:53 分钟 (CSE8) 和 3:51 分钟 (CSE10)。采集整个脊髓周围的 CSF 流需要 14:40 分钟。Bland-Altman 分析显示峰值速度非常一致，但在 CSE4-8 中对绝对净流量、前向流量和后向流量（< 1 毫升/分钟）略有高估。CSE4 到 CSE8 的累积流量误差的结果相似。结论 加速因子 CSE4-10 的定量分析表明，加速因子高达 6 的 CSE 是可行的。这允许将扫描时间减少 40%，并能够在临床可接受的扫描时间内采集和分析整个脊髓周围的 CSF 流动动力学。