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Source characterization and removal of N-nitrosamine precursors during activated sludge treatment
Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology ( IF 5 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-16 , DOI: 10.1039/d0ew00425a Xiaolu Zhang 1, 2, 3, 4 , Daekyun Kim 1, 2, 3, 4 , David L. Freedman 1, 2, 3, 4 , Tanju Karanfil 1, 2, 3, 4
Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology ( IF 5 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-16 , DOI: 10.1039/d0ew00425a Xiaolu Zhang 1, 2, 3, 4 , Daekyun Kim 1, 2, 3, 4 , David L. Freedman 1, 2, 3, 4 , Tanju Karanfil 1, 2, 3, 4
Affiliation
Municipal wastewater discharges are a major potential source of N-nitrosamine precursors which may impact downstream source water quality. To elucidate the sources of N-nitrosamine precursors and their fate during biological wastewater treatment (i.e., the activated sludge (AS) process), the formation potentials (FPs) of seven N-nitrosamine species were monitored in blackwater (i.e., human urine and feces), greywater (i.e., from kitchen food and detergent, laundry, and showering), and the influent from four wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) during batch AS treatment. N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) and N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP) precursors originate mainly from biological waste materials (e.g., human urine, sweat in laundry greywater or shower greywater, food leachates), while detergents and personal care products (e.g., shampoo and body wash in shower greywater) could be the main sources of N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), N-nitrosodi-n-butylamine (NDBA), and N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine (NDPA) precursors. AS from two domestic WWTPs (one urban and one rural) exhibited better removal of NDMA precursors from biological waste materials, while the textile AS more effectively removed most N-nitrosamine precursors from detergents or personal care products. The type of WWTP influent negligibly (i.e., <8% differences) affected the removal of NDMA precursors. Rather, AS sources and seasonal changes in AS activities may have an impact. Increasing the incubation time from 6 to 24 h enhanced the removal of N-nitrosamine precursors, especially for precursors from detergents and personal care products. These results suggest that there is no single source containing various precursors of N-nitrosamines. The AS types, sampling seasons and hydraulic retention time (or incubation time) may all impact the removal efficiencies for N-nitrosamine precursors.
中文翻译:
活性污泥处理过程中的源表征和N-亚硝胺前体的去除
市政废水排放是N-亚硝胺前体的主要潜在来源,可能会影响下游水源水的质量。为了阐明生物废水处理过程中N-亚硝胺前体的来源及其命运(即活性污泥(AS)过程),在黑水(即人尿和尿液)中监测了7种N-亚硝胺物种的形成潜能(FPs)。粪便),灰水(即来自厨房食品和洗涤剂,洗衣和淋浴的废水)以及在批处理AS处理期间来自四个废水处理厂(WWTP)的进水。N-亚硝基二甲胺(NDMA),N-亚硝基吡咯烷(NPYR)和N-亚硝基哌啶(NPIP)前体主要来源于生物废物(例如,人尿,洗衣灰水或淋浴灰水中的汗水,食物沥出液),而洗涤剂和个人护理产品(例如淋浴灰水中的洗发水和沐浴露)可能是N-亚硝基二乙胺(NDEA),N-亚硝基二正丁胺(NDBA)和N-亚硝基二正丙胺(NDPA)前体的主要来源。来自两个国内污水处理厂(一个城市和一个农村)的AS表现出从生物废料中去除NDMA前体的效果更好,而纺织品AS更有效地去除了大部分N来自洗涤剂或个人护理产品的亚硝胺前体。废水进水的类型可忽略不计(即,差异小于8%)影响了NDMA前体的去除。相反,AS来源和AS活动的季节性变化可能会产生影响。将孵育时间从6小时增加到24小时可以增强N-亚硝胺前体的去除,特别是对于洗涤剂和个人护理产品中的前体。这些结果表明,没有单一来源包含N-亚硝胺的各种前体。AS类型,采样季节和水力停留时间(或孵育时间)都可能影响N-亚硝胺前体的去除效率。
更新日期:2020-08-27
中文翻译:
活性污泥处理过程中的源表征和N-亚硝胺前体的去除
市政废水排放是N-亚硝胺前体的主要潜在来源,可能会影响下游水源水的质量。为了阐明生物废水处理过程中N-亚硝胺前体的来源及其命运(即活性污泥(AS)过程),在黑水(即人尿和尿液)中监测了7种N-亚硝胺物种的形成潜能(FPs)。粪便),灰水(即来自厨房食品和洗涤剂,洗衣和淋浴的废水)以及在批处理AS处理期间来自四个废水处理厂(WWTP)的进水。N-亚硝基二甲胺(NDMA),N-亚硝基吡咯烷(NPYR)和N-亚硝基哌啶(NPIP)前体主要来源于生物废物(例如,人尿,洗衣灰水或淋浴灰水中的汗水,食物沥出液),而洗涤剂和个人护理产品(例如淋浴灰水中的洗发水和沐浴露)可能是N-亚硝基二乙胺(NDEA),N-亚硝基二正丁胺(NDBA)和N-亚硝基二正丙胺(NDPA)前体的主要来源。来自两个国内污水处理厂(一个城市和一个农村)的AS表现出从生物废料中去除NDMA前体的效果更好,而纺织品AS更有效地去除了大部分N来自洗涤剂或个人护理产品的亚硝胺前体。废水进水的类型可忽略不计(即,差异小于8%)影响了NDMA前体的去除。相反,AS来源和AS活动的季节性变化可能会产生影响。将孵育时间从6小时增加到24小时可以增强N-亚硝胺前体的去除,特别是对于洗涤剂和个人护理产品中的前体。这些结果表明,没有单一来源包含N-亚硝胺的各种前体。AS类型,采样季节和水力停留时间(或孵育时间)都可能影响N-亚硝胺前体的去除效率。